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Food Science and Human Wellness 2020, 9(3): 237-244 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2020.05.001
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 15 May 2020

The extract of the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial autophagy

Show Author's Information Sun-Young Kima,  Ho-Keun Yib,  Bong-Sik Yunc,  Dae-Yeol Leea,d,  Pyung Han Hwanga,d,  Hae-Ryong Parke,  Min Sun Kima,d( )
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, 54596, South Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, 51767, South Korea
Keywords:
Mitochondria, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Anticancer, Poncirus trifoliata
Cite this article:
Kim S-Y, Yi H-K, Yun B-S, et al. The extract of the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial autophagy. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2020, 9(3): 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2020.05.001
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Abstract Full text About this article

The immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliate are used as a medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and allergies in East Asia. However, their effect on colon cancer cells remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the immature fruit of P. trifoliate extract on colorectal adenocarcinoma. The extract of the immature fruit of P. trifoliata inhibited the proliferation of CT-26 cells compared with untreated cells and it induced autophagy and apoptosis through the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. The number of autophagic vacuoles and autophage markers increased in response to the extract. At later time-points, apoptosis increased dose/time-dependently. In CT-26 cells pre-treated a pan-caspase inhibitor prior to P. trifoliata immature fruit extract treatment, we did not find any change in pro-caspase 3 and pro-PARP levels. Additionally, in cells pre-treated autphage inhibitor, SQSTM1/p62 and LC3AB, pro-caspase 3 and pro-PARP levels did not change. Our results indicate the molecular mechanisms that the extract of the immature fruit of P. trifoliata induces apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells by inducing mitochondrial autophagy. In this study, we provided a draft for further investigate the use of MEPT for colorectal cancer inhibition.


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About this article

The extract of the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via mitochondrial autophagy

Show Author's information Sun-Young Kima, Ho-Keun Yib, Bong-Sik Yunc, Dae-Yeol Leea,d, Pyung Han Hwanga,d, Hae-Ryong Parke, Min Sun Kima,d( )
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, 54596, South Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, 51767, South Korea

Abstract

The immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliate are used as a medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and allergies in East Asia. However, their effect on colon cancer cells remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the immature fruit of P. trifoliate extract on colorectal adenocarcinoma. The extract of the immature fruit of P. trifoliata inhibited the proliferation of CT-26 cells compared with untreated cells and it induced autophagy and apoptosis through the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. The number of autophagic vacuoles and autophage markers increased in response to the extract. At later time-points, apoptosis increased dose/time-dependently. In CT-26 cells pre-treated a pan-caspase inhibitor prior to P. trifoliata immature fruit extract treatment, we did not find any change in pro-caspase 3 and pro-PARP levels. Additionally, in cells pre-treated autphage inhibitor, SQSTM1/p62 and LC3AB, pro-caspase 3 and pro-PARP levels did not change. Our results indicate the molecular mechanisms that the extract of the immature fruit of P. trifoliata induces apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells by inducing mitochondrial autophagy. In this study, we provided a draft for further investigate the use of MEPT for colorectal cancer inhibition.

Keywords: Mitochondria, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Anticancer, Poncirus trifoliata

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Publication history

Received: 23 October 2019
Revised: 10 April 2020
Accepted: 07 May 2020
Published: 15 May 2020
Issue date: September 2020

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© 2020 "Society information". Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Fund of Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital.

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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