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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019, 8(1): 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.02.002
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 22 February 2019

Medical foods in Alzheimer’s disease

Show Author's Information Klaus W. Langea,( ),  Jianjun Guob,  Shigehiko Kanayac,  Katharina M. Langed,  Yukiko Nakamuraa,  Shiming Lie
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, Nutrition, Ketogenic diet, Medical foods, Mediterranean diet
Cite this article:
Lange KW, Guo J, Kanaya S, et al. Medical foods in Alzheimer’s disease. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2019, 8(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.02.002
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Abstract Full text About this article

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia worldwide. Treatments achieving a marked improvement in symptoms or preventing or delaying the progression of the disease are not available. Various diet-related risk factors for AD have been identified. Evidence for a protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on AD risk is inconclusive. Medical foods are designed to meet specific dietary needs for certain diseases. Improvements in symptomatology and regional brain atrophy in AD have been claimed for several medical foods, for example, those providing ketone bodies as alternative energy supply to neurons, those containing precursors believed to improve synaptic function, and those addressing oxidative stress related to memory loss. Many methodological shortcomings render the interpretation of the available findings of medical food trials in AD difficult. Optimal results of medical foods in AD may be expected when administered in presymptomatic or early stages of the disease. This requires the reliable identification of minimal neuropathological changes related to AD. The outcome measures currently used may not be able to detect subtle changes in cognition and function in early AD. Large-scale clinical studies using valid, sensitive, and reliable assessment tools are needed to establish the efficacy of medical foods in AD.


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About this article

Medical foods in Alzheimer’s disease

Show Author's information Klaus W. Langea,( ), Jianjun Guob, Shigehiko Kanayac, Katharina M. Langed, Yukiko Nakamuraa, Shiming Lie
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia worldwide. Treatments achieving a marked improvement in symptoms or preventing or delaying the progression of the disease are not available. Various diet-related risk factors for AD have been identified. Evidence for a protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on AD risk is inconclusive. Medical foods are designed to meet specific dietary needs for certain diseases. Improvements in symptomatology and regional brain atrophy in AD have been claimed for several medical foods, for example, those providing ketone bodies as alternative energy supply to neurons, those containing precursors believed to improve synaptic function, and those addressing oxidative stress related to memory loss. Many methodological shortcomings render the interpretation of the available findings of medical food trials in AD difficult. Optimal results of medical foods in AD may be expected when administered in presymptomatic or early stages of the disease. This requires the reliable identification of minimal neuropathological changes related to AD. The outcome measures currently used may not be able to detect subtle changes in cognition and function in early AD. Large-scale clinical studies using valid, sensitive, and reliable assessment tools are needed to establish the efficacy of medical foods in AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Nutrition, Ketogenic diet, Medical foods, Mediterranean diet

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Publication history
Copyright
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Publication history

Received: 21 January 2019
Revised: 13 February 2019
Accepted: 14 February 2019
Published: 22 February 2019
Issue date: March 2019

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© 2019 “Society information”.

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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