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Food Science and Human Wellness 2018, 7(4): 244-251 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.001
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 10 October 2018

Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model

Show Author's Information Alexander Gosslaua,b,d( ),  Emmanuel Zachariahc,  Shiming Lid,  Chi-Tang Hod
Department of Science (Biology), City University of New York, BMCC, New York, NY 10007, United States
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, United States
Oncopath Genomics, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, United States
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, United States

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Keywords:
Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Chronic inflammation, Orange peel, Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Cite this article:
Gosslau A, Zachariah E, Li S, et al. Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2018, 7(4): 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.001
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Abstract Full text About this article

Effects of an enriched orange peel extract (OPE) against type 2 diabetes (T2D) were analyzed in ZDF rats which were hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and express pro-inflammatory markers. Glucose related parameters were lowered in the lean control and metformin group as compared to ZDF vehicle controls. OPE was well tolerated and induced a decline in fasted blood glucose and increase levels of fed glucose although to a lesser degree as compared to metformin. However, OPE did not improve glucose tolerance but showed significantly elevated glucose levels. Furthermore, OPE treatment caused an increase of free fatty acids in a dose-responsive manner as well as elevated levels of cholesterol and LDL. The analysis of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant down-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue in response to OPE to a higher degree as compared to ibuprofen. In whole blood, IL-4 was upregulated in a dose-responsive manner as measured by ELISA. In summary, lipophilic OPE showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue, ambivalent effects against hyperglycemia, whereas hyperlipidemia was increased. Our study emphasize the complexity of anti-diabetic regimen suggesting a treatment with OPE to reduce inflammation in adipose tissue in combination with antidiabetic therapeutics as promising strategy against T2D.


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About this article

Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model

Show Author's information Alexander Gosslaua,b,d( ), Emmanuel Zachariahc, Shiming Lid, Chi-Tang Hod
Department of Science (Biology), City University of New York, BMCC, New York, NY 10007, United States
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, United States
Oncopath Genomics, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, United States
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, United States

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Effects of an enriched orange peel extract (OPE) against type 2 diabetes (T2D) were analyzed in ZDF rats which were hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and express pro-inflammatory markers. Glucose related parameters were lowered in the lean control and metformin group as compared to ZDF vehicle controls. OPE was well tolerated and induced a decline in fasted blood glucose and increase levels of fed glucose although to a lesser degree as compared to metformin. However, OPE did not improve glucose tolerance but showed significantly elevated glucose levels. Furthermore, OPE treatment caused an increase of free fatty acids in a dose-responsive manner as well as elevated levels of cholesterol and LDL. The analysis of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant down-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue in response to OPE to a higher degree as compared to ibuprofen. In whole blood, IL-4 was upregulated in a dose-responsive manner as measured by ELISA. In summary, lipophilic OPE showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue, ambivalent effects against hyperglycemia, whereas hyperlipidemia was increased. Our study emphasize the complexity of anti-diabetic regimen suggesting a treatment with OPE to reduce inflammation in adipose tissue in combination with antidiabetic therapeutics as promising strategy against T2D.

Keywords: Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Chronic inflammation, Orange peel, Zucker diabetic fatty rats

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Publication history

Received: 20 August 2018
Revised: 20 September 2018
Accepted: 08 October 2018
Published: 10 October 2018
Issue date: December 2018

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© 2018 “Society information”.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Institute of Health, USA (R43/44 AT007889).

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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