Journal Home > Volume 6 , Issue 3
Food Science and Human Wellness 2017, 6(3): 121-130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2017.07.003
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 08 August 2017

Interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal tract health

Show Author's Information Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajokaa,  Junling Shia( ),  Hafiza Mahreen Mehwishb,  Jing Zhua,  Qi Lia,  Dongyan Shaoa,  Qingsheng Huanga,  Hui Yanga
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Department of Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

Keywords:
Gut microbiota, Probiotics, Human health, Dysbiosis
Cite this article:
Rajoka MSR, Shi J, Mehwish HM, et al. Interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal tract health. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2017, 6(3): 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2017.07.003
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

555

Views

31

Downloads

Citations

111

Crossref

N/A

WoS

0

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

A substantial amount of emerging research is indicating that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health. Alterations of gut microbiota have clear consequences on intestinal homeostasis, physiology, gut microbiome, immune system and host metabolic pathways. Diet composition plays an important role in the control of gut microbial populations and, thus, in the prevention, management and treatment of certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes. A comprehensive analysis of previously reported results revealed that the gut microbiota can be modulated by diet and the composition of gut microbiota can be influenced by various diet components. The symbiotic relationship between different gut microbial communities regulates the immune system and, therefore, any dysbiosis can dysregulate the immune system. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved in the interactions between diet composition, gut microbiota and associated diseases.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal tract health

Show Author's information Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajokaa, Junling Shia( ), Hafiza Mahreen Mehwishb, Jing Zhua, Qi Lia, Dongyan Shaoa, Qingsheng Huanga, Hui Yanga
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Department of Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

Abstract

A substantial amount of emerging research is indicating that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health. Alterations of gut microbiota have clear consequences on intestinal homeostasis, physiology, gut microbiome, immune system and host metabolic pathways. Diet composition plays an important role in the control of gut microbial populations and, thus, in the prevention, management and treatment of certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes. A comprehensive analysis of previously reported results revealed that the gut microbiota can be modulated by diet and the composition of gut microbiota can be influenced by various diet components. The symbiotic relationship between different gut microbial communities regulates the immune system and, therefore, any dysbiosis can dysregulate the immune system. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved in the interactions between diet composition, gut microbiota and associated diseases.

Keywords: Gut microbiota, Probiotics, Human health, Dysbiosis

References(120)

[1]

M.L. Hermannbank, K. Skovgaard, A. Stockmarr, N. Larsen, L. Mølbak, The Gut Microbiotassay: a high-throughput qPCR approach combinable with next generation sequencing to study gut microbial diversity, BMC Genomics 14 (2013) 788.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

S. Prakash, C. Tomaroduchesneau, S. Saha, A. Cantor, The gut microbiota and human health with an emphasis on the use of microencapsulated bacterial cells, BioMed Res. Int. 2011 (2011) 1-12.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

A.J. Bäumler, V. Sperandio, Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut, Nature 535 (2016) 85-93.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

Y. Sanz, Gut microbiota and probiotics in maternal and infant health, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94 (2011) 2000S-2005S.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

M.C. Collado, M. Cernada, J. Neu, G. Pérezmartínez, M. Gormaz, M. Vento, Factors influencing gastrointestinal tract and microbiota immune interaction in preterm infants, Pediatric Res. 77 (2015) 726.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

M.R. Charbonneau, L.V. Blanton, D.B. DiGiulio, D.A. Relman, C.B. Lebrilla, D.A. Mills, et al., A microbial perspective of human developmental biology, Nature 535 (2016) 48-55.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

T. Shaheen, M. Siddiq, A. Nadeem, A. Hussain, F. Hayyat, J. Shi, In-vitro assessment of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria, J. Biol. Today' World 4 (2015) 190-198.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]

J. Wang, H. Jia, Metagenome-wide association studies: fine-mining the microbiome, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14 (2016) 508-522.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

S.D. Ehrlich, Metagenomics of the intestinal microbiota: potential applications, Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 34 (2010) S23-S28.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

C.A. Lozupone, J.I. Stombaugh, J.I. Gordon, J.K. Jansson, R. Knight, Diversity: stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota, Nature 489 (2012) 220-230.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

L. Dethlefsen, P.B. Eckburg, E.M. Bik, D.A. Relman, Assembly of the human intestinal microbiota, Trends Ecol. Evol. 21 (2006) 517-523.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

M.J. Claesson, I.B. Jeffery, S. Conde, S.E. Power, E.M. O'Connor, S. Cusack, et al., Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly, Nature 488 (2012) 178.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

R.D. Berg, The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora, Trends Microbiol. 4 (1996) 430-435.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

M.H. Fraher, P.W. O'Toole, E.M. Quigley, Techniques used to characterize the gut microbiota: a guide for the clinician, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (2012) 312-322.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

F. Fouhy, R.P. Ross, G.F. Fitzgerald, C. Stanton, P.D. Cotter, Composition of the early intestinal microbiota: knowledge: knowledge gaps and the use of high-throughput sequencing to address these gaps, Gut Microbes 3 (2012) 203-220.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

M.C. Collado, M. Cernada, C. Baüerl, M. Vento, G. Pérez-Martínez, Microbial ecology and host-microbiota interactions during early life stages, Gut Microbes 3 (2012) 352-365.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]

M. Breban, Gut microbiota and inflammatory joint diseases, Joint Bone Spine 83 (6) (2016) 645-649.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

M.-M. Grölund, O.-P. Lehtonen, E. Eerola, P. Kero, Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 28 (1999) 19-25.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

J. Doré, G. Corthier, The human intestinal microbiota, Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 34 (2010) S7-S15.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

J.K. Goodrich, J.L. Waters, A.C. Poole, J.L. Sutter, O. Koren, R. Blekhman, et al., Human genetics shape the gut microbiome, Cell 159 (2014) 789-799.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

M. Arumugam, J. Raes, E. Pelletier, D. Le Paslier, T. Yamada, D.R. Mende, et al., Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome, Nature 473 (2011) 174-180.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

G.D. Wu, J. Chen, C. Hoffmann, K. Bittinger, Y.-Y. Chen, S.A. Keilbaugh, et al., Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes, Science 334 (2011) 105-108.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

E. Le Chatelier, T. Nielsen, J. Qin, E. Prifti, F. Hildebrand, G. Falony, et al., Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers, Nature 500 (2013) 541-546.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

F. Sommer, F. Bäckhed, The gut microbiota—masters of host development and physiology, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11 (2013) 227-238.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

H. Garn, J.F. Neves, R.S. Blumberg, H. Renz, Effect of barrier microbes on organ-based inflammation, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 131 (2013) 1465-1478.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

D. Gevers, R. Knight, J.F. Petrosino, K. Huang, A.L. McGuire, B.W. Birren, et al., The Human Microbiome Project: a community resource for the healthy human microbiome, PLoS Biol. 10 (2012) e1001377.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]

K. Aagaard, J. Petrosino, W. Keitel, M. Watson, J. Katancik, N. Garcia, et al., The Human Microbiome Project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters, FASEB J. 27 (2013) 1012-1022.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

X.C. Morgan, C. Huttenhower, Meta'omic analytic techniques for studying the intestinal microbiome, Gastroenterology 146 (2014) 1437-1448(e1).
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

G.T. Macfarlane, S. Macfarlane, Bacteria colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health, J. AOAC Int. 95 (2012) 50-60.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

A.W. Walker, S.H. Duncan, E.C.M. Leitch, M.W. Child, Flint HJ pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid ratios within microbial communities from the human colon, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 3692-3700.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

G. Macfarlane, J. Cummings, C. Allison, Protein degradation by human intestinal bacteria, Microbiology 132 (1986) 1647-1656.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

J. Cummings, G. Macfarlane, The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70 (1991) 443-459.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

H.M. Hamer, V. De Preter, K. Windey, K. Verbeke, Functional analysis of colonic bacterial metabolism: relevant to health?, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 302 (2012) G1-G9.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

E.A. Magee, C.J. Richardson, R. Hughes, J.H. Cummings, Contribution of dietary protein to sulfide production in the large intestine: an in vitro and a controlled feeding study in humans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72 (2000) 1488-1494.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

P.C. Elwood, D.I. Givens, A.D. Beswick, A.M. Fehily, J.E. Pickering, J. Gallacher, The survival advantage of milk and dairy consumption: an overview of evidence from cohort studies of vascular diseases diabetes and cancer, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27 (2008) 723S-734S.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

R. Sprong, A. Schonewille, R. Van der Meer, Dietary cheese whey protein protects rats against mild dextran sulfate sodium?induced colitis: role of mucin and microbiota, J. Dairy Sci. 93 (2010) 1364-1371.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]

M. Guerville, G. Boudry, Gastro-intestinal and hepatic mechanisms limiting the entry and dissemination of lipopolysaccharide into the systemic circulation, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 311 (2016) G1-G15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2016.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]

M. Blaut, Relationship of prebiotics and food to intestinal microflora, Eur. J. Nutr.41 (2002), i11–i6.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

J.H. Cummings, H.N. Englyst, What is dietary fibre, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2 (1991) 99-103.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

F. Respondek, K.S. Swanson, K.R. Belsito, B.M. Vester, A. Wagner, L. Istasse, et al., Short-chain fructooligosaccharides influence insulin sensitivity and gene expression of fat tissue in obese dogs, J. Nutr. 138 (2008) 1712-1718.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]

G. Glenn, M. Roberfroid, Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics, J. Nutr. 125 (1995) 1401-1412.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]

A.T. Vieira, M.M. Teixeira, FdS. Martins, The role of probiotics and prebiotics in inducing gut immunity, Front. Immunol. 4 (2013) 445.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]

S.L. Schnorr, M. Candela, S. Rampelli, M. Centanni, C. Consolandi, G. Basaglia, et al., Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers, Nat. Commun. 5 (2014).
DOI Google Scholar
[44]

C. De Filippo, D. Cavalieri, M. Di Paola, M. Ramazzotti, J.B. Poullet, S. Massart, et al., Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 (2010) 14691-14696.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]

J. Ou, F. Carbonero, E.G. Zoetendal, J.P. DeLany, M. Wang, K. Newton, et al., Diet microbiota, and microbial metabolites in colon cancer risk in rural Africans and African Americans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 98 (2013) 111-120.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]

G. Marlow, S. Ellett, I.R. Ferguson, S. Zhu, N. Karunasinghe, A.C. Jesuthasan, et al., Transcriptomics to study the effect of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on inflammation in Crohn's disease patients, Hum. Genomics 7 (1) (2013).
DOI Google Scholar
[47]

F. De Filippis, N. Pellegrini, L. Vannini, I.B. Jeffery, A. La Storia, L. Laghi, et al., High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome, Gut 65 (2016) 1812-1821, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309957.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]

M. Glick-Bauer, M.-C. Yeh, The health advantage of a vegan diet: exploring the gut microbiota connection, Nutrients 6 (2014) 4822-4838.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]

I. Ferrocino, R. Di Cagno, M. De Angelis, S. Turroni, L. Vannini, E. Bancalari, et al., Fecal microbiota in healthy subjects following omnivore, vegetarian and vegan diets: culturable populations and rRNA DGGE profiling, PLoS One 10 (2015) e0128669.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]

B.B. Matijašić, T. Obermajer, L. Lipoglavšek, I. Grabnar, G. Avguštin, I. Rogelj, Association of dietary type with fecal microbiota in vegetarians and omnivores in Slovenia, Eur. J. Nutr. 53 (2014) 1051-1064.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]

L. Gabert, C. Vors, C. Louche‐Pélissier, V. Sauvinet, S. Lambert‐Porcheron, J. Drai, et al., 13C tracer recovery in human stools after digestion of a fat‐rich meal labelled with [1,1, 1‐13C3] tripalmitin and [1,1, 1‐13C3] triolein, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 25 (2011) 2697-2703.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]

E. Murphy, P. Cotter, S. Healy, T. Marques, O. O'sullivan, F. Fouhy, et al., Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models, Gut 59 (2010) 1635-1642.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]

H. Daniel, A.M. Gholami, D. Berry, C. Desmarchelier, H. Hahne, G. Loh, et al., High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice, ISME J. 8 (2014) 295-308.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]

S.F. Clarke, E.F. Murphy, K. Nilaweera, P.R. Ross, F. Shanahan, P.W. O’Toole, et al., The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity: new insights, Gut Microbes 3 (2012) 186-202.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]

C. Zhang, S. Li, L. Yang, P. Huang, W. Li, S. Wang, et al., Structural modulation of gut microbiota in life-long calorie-restricted mice, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013).
DOI Google Scholar
[56]

L.A. David, C.F. Maurice, R.N. Carmody, D.B. Gootenberg, J.E. Button, B.E. Wolfe, et al., Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome, Nature 505 (2014) 559-563.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]

P.J. Turnbaugh, F. Bäckhed, L. Fulton, J.I. Gordon, Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome, Cell Host Microbe. 3 (2008) 213-223.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]

R.E. Ley, F. Bäckhed, P. Turnbaugh, C.A. Lozupone, R.D. Knight, J.I. Gordon, Obesity alters gut microbial ecology, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 11070-11075.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]

W. Shen, H.R. Gaskins, M.K. McIntosh, Influence of dietary fat on intestinal microbes inflammation, barrier function and metabolic outcomes, J. Nutr. Biochem. 25 (2014) 270-280.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]

M.S. Riaz, T. Shaheen, N. Batool, S. Saleem, A. Haris, F. Hayat, et al., Moddulation of immune system by taking probiotic bacteria: especially focus on lactic acid bacteria, Asian J. Agric. Biol. 3 (2) (2015) 74-77.
Google Scholar
[61]

M. Ndagijimana, L. Laghi, B. Vitali, G. Placucci, P. Brigidi, M.E. Guerzoni, Effect of a synbiotic food consumption on human gut metabolic profiles evaluated by 1nullH Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 134 (2009) 147-153.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]

S. Sierra, F. Lara-Villoslada, L. Sempere, M. Olivares, J. Boza, J. Xaus, Intestinal and immunological effects of daily oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to healthy adults, Anaerobe 16 (2010) 195-200.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]

N. Pérez, J.C. Iannicelli, C. Girard-Bosch, S. González, A. Varea, L. Disalvo, et al., Effect of probiotic supplementation on immunoglobulins: isoagglutinins and antibody response in children of low socio-economic status, Eur. J. Nutr. 49 (2010) 173-179.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]

M. Baron, Original research: a patented strain of bacillus coagulans increased immune response to viral challenge, Postgrad. Med. 121 (2009) 114-118.
DOI Google Scholar
[65]

Y. Sanz, G. De Palma, Gut microbiota and probiotics in modulation of epithelium and gut-associated lymphoid tissue function, Int. Rev. Immunol. 28 (2009) 397-413.
DOI Google Scholar
[66]

B. Chassaing, O. Koren, J.K. Goodrich, A.C. Poole, S. Srinivasan, R.E. Ley, et al., Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome, Nature 519 (2015) 92-96.
DOI Google Scholar
[67]

H. Tlaskalová-Hogenová, R. Štěpánková, T. Hudcovic, L. Tučková, B. Cukrowska, R. Lodinová-Žádnıková, et al., Commensal bacteria (normal microflora), mucosal immunity and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, Immunol. Lett. 93 (2004) 97-108.
DOI Google Scholar
[68]

C.A. Thaiss, N. Zmora, M. Levy, E. Elinav, The microbiome and innate immunity, Nature 535 (2016) 65-74.
DOI Google Scholar
[69]

M. Shahid Riaz, T. Shaheen, N. Batool, S. Saleem, F. Hayat, Lactic acid bacteria as probiotic candidate and their application, J. Biol. Today's World 4 (2015) 209-216.
DOI Google Scholar
[70]

F. Bäckhed, R.E. Ley, J.L. Sonnenburg, D.A. Peterson, J.I. Gordon, Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine, Science 307 (2005) 1915-1920.
DOI Google Scholar
[71]

J.F. Rawls, B.S. Samuel, J.I. Gordon, Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolutionarily conserved responses to the gut microbiota, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 4596-4601.
DOI Google Scholar
[72]

C. Manichanh, L. Rigottier-Gois, E. Bonnaud, K. Gloux, E. Pelletier, L. Frangeul, et al., Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn’s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach, Gut 55 (2006) 205-211.
DOI Google Scholar
[73]

S. Subramanian, S. Huq, T. Yatsunenko, R. Haque, M. Mahfuz, M.A. Alam, et al., Persistent gut microbiota immaturity in malnourished Bangladeshi children, Nature 510 (2014) 417-421.
DOI Google Scholar
[74]

P.J. Turnbaugh, M. Hamady, T. Yatsunenko, B.L. Cantarel, A. Duncan, R.E. Ley, et al., A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins, Nature 457 (2009) 480-484.
DOI Google Scholar
[75]

N. Qin, F. Yang, A. Li, E. Prifti, Y. Chen, L. Shao, et al., Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis, Nature 513 (2014) 59-64.
DOI Google Scholar
[76]

J.M. Brown, S.L. Hazen, The gut microbial endocrine organ: bacterially-Derived signals driving cardiometabolic diseases, Annu. Rev. Med. 66 (2015) 343.
DOI Google Scholar
[77]

F.H. Karlsson, V. Tremaroli, I. Nookaew, G. Bergström, C.J. Behre, B. Fagerberg, et al., Gut metagenome in European women with normal: impaired and diabetic glucose control, Nature 498 (2013) 99-103.
DOI Google Scholar
[78]

J. Qin, Y. Li, Z. Cai, S. Li, J. Zhu, F. Zhang, et al., A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes, Nature 490 (2012) 55-60.
DOI Google Scholar
[79]

N.W. Palm, M.R. De Zoete, T.W. Cullen, N.A. Barry, J. Stefanowski, L. Hao, et al., Immunoglobulin A coating identifies colitogenic bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease, Cell 158 (2014) 1000-1010.
DOI Google Scholar
[80]

J.P. Zackular, M.A. Rogers, M.T. Ruffin, P.D. Schloss, The human gut microbiome as a screening tool for colorectal cancer, Cancer Prev. Res. 7 (2014) 1112-1121.
DOI Google Scholar
[81]

E.Y. Hsiao, S.W. McBride, S. Hsien, G. Sharon, E.R. Hyde, T. McCue, et al., Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, Cell 155 (2013) 1451-1463.
DOI Google Scholar
[82]

I.B. Jeffery, D.B. Lynch, P.W. O'Toole, Composition and temporal stability of the gut microbiota in older persons, ISME J. 10 (2015) 170-182.
DOI Google Scholar
[83]

J.L. Sonnenburg, F. Bäckhed, Diet-microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism, Nature 535 (2016) 56-64.
DOI Google Scholar
[84]

G. Trinchieri, Microbiome and cancer, Semin. Immunopathol. 37 (2015) 65.
DOI Google Scholar
[85]

R.F. Schwabe, C. Jobin, The microbiome and cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer 13 (2013) 800-812.
DOI Google Scholar
[86]

M.B. Burns, J. Lynch, T.K. Starr, D. Knights, R. Blekhman, Virulence genes are a signature of the microbiome in the colorectal tumor microenvironment, Genome Med. 7 (2015) 55.
DOI Google Scholar
[87]

Y. Nami, B. Haghshenas, M. Haghshenas, N. Abdullah, A. Yari Khosroushahi, The prophylactic effect of probiotic enterococcus lactis IW5 against different human cancer cells, Front. Microbiol. 6 (2015) 1317.
DOI Google Scholar
[88]

A.Q. Yu, L. Li, The potential role of probiotics in cancer prevention and treatment, Nutr. Cancer 68 (2016) 535-544.
DOI Google Scholar
[89]

Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi*, F. Mohammadi, Fazeli Hossain, Mirlohi Maryam, Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 with probiotic potential on colon cancer and normal cells proliferation in comparison with a commercial strain, Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 17 (2014) 815-819.
Google Scholar
[90]

V. Dubey, A.R. Ghosh, K. Bishayee, A.R. Khuda-Bukhsh, Appraisal of the anti-cancer potential of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 against colon cancer: in vitro and in vivo approaches, J. Funct. Foods 23 (2016) 66-79.
DOI Google Scholar
[91]

Amir Saber Gharamaleki, B. Alipour, Zeinab Faghfoori, Ahmad YariKhosroushahi, Prophylactic effects of dairy kluyveromyces marxianusYAS through overexpression of BAX, CASP 3, CASP 8 and CASP 9 on human colon cancer cell lines, Int. J. Biol. Biomol. Agric. Food Biotechnol. Eng. (2016) 10.
Google Scholar
[92]

R.E. Ley, Obesity and the human microbiome, Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 26 (2010) 5-11.
DOI Google Scholar
[93]

L. Zhao, The gut microbiota and obesity: from correlation to causality, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11 (2013) 639-647.
DOI Google Scholar
[94]

P.J. Turnbaugh, R.E. Ley, M.A. Mahowald, V. Magrini, E.R. Mardis, J.I. Gordon, An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest, Nature 444 (2006) 1027-1131.
DOI Google Scholar
[95]

H. Zhang, J.K. DiBaise, A. Zuccolo, D. Kudrna, M. Braidotti, Y. Yu, et al., Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 (2009) 2365-2370.
DOI Google Scholar
[96]

M.F. Gregor, G.S. Hotamisligil, Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 29 (2011) 415-445.
DOI Google Scholar
[97]

P.D. Cani, S. Possemiers, T. Van de Wiele, Y. Guiot, A. Everard, O. Rottier, et al., Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability, Gut 58 (2009) 1091-1103.
DOI Google Scholar
[98]

F. Bäckhed, J.K. Manchester, C.F. Semenkovich, J.I. Gordon, Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007) 979-984.
DOI Google Scholar
[99]

C.K. Fleissner, N. Huebel, M.M.A. El-Bary, G. Loh, S. Klaus, M. Blaut, Absence of intestinal microbiota does not protect mice from diet-induced obesity, Br. J. Nutr. 104 (2010) 919-929.
DOI Google Scholar
[100]

F. Bäckhed, H. Ding, T. Wang, L.V. Hooper, G.Y. Koh, A. Nagy, et al., The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 15718-15723.
DOI Google Scholar
[101]

B. Fontaine-Bisson, F. Renström, O. Rolandsson, F. Payne, G. Hallmans, I. Barroso, et al., Evaluating the discriminative power of multi-trait genetic risk scores for type 2 diabetes in a northern Swedish population, Diabetologia 53 (2010) 2155-2162.
DOI Google Scholar
[102]

K. Forslund, F. Hildebrand, T. Nielsen, G. Falony, E. Le Chatelier, S. Sunagawa, et al., Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota, Nature 528 (2015) 262-266.
DOI Google Scholar
[103]

J. Xu, F. Lian, L. Zhao, Y. Zhao, X. Chen, X. Zhang, et al., Structural modulation of gut microbiota during alleviation of type 2 diabetes with a Chinese herbal formula, ISME J. 9 (2015) 552-562.
DOI Google Scholar
[104]

S.E. Epstein, J. Zhu, M.S. Burnett, Y.F. Zhou, G. Vercellotti, Hajjar D. Infection, Atherosclerosis potential roles of pathogen burden and molecular mimicry, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20 (2000) 1417-1420.
DOI Google Scholar
[105]

K.J. Mattila, P.J. Pussinen, S. Paju, Dental infections and cardiovascular diseases: a review, J. Periodontol. 76 (2005) 2085-2088.
DOI Google Scholar
[106]

S. Jerwood, J. Cohen, Unexpected antimicrobial effect of statins, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61 (2008) 362-364.
DOI Google Scholar
[107]

O. Koren, A. Spor, J. Felin, F. Fåk, J. Stombaugh, V. Tremaroli, et al., Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 (2011) 4592-4598.
DOI Google Scholar
[108]

S.J. Ott, N.E. El Mokhtari, M. Musfeldt, S. Hellmig, S. Freitag, A. Rehman, et al., Detection of diverse bacterial signatures in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with coronary heart disease, Circulation 113 (2006) 929-937.
DOI Google Scholar
[109]

F.H. Karlsson, F. Fåk, I. Nookaew, V. Tremaroli, B. Fagerberg, D. Petranovic, et al., Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome, Nat. Commun. 3 (2012) 1245.
DOI Google Scholar
[110]

A. Toulouse, A.M. Sullivan, Progress in Parkinson's disease—where do we stand, Prog. Neurobiol. 85 (2008) 376-392.
DOI Google Scholar
[111]

J. Hardy, P. Lewis, T. Revesz, A. Lees, C. Paisan-Ruiz, The genetics of Parkinson's syndromes: a critical review, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 19 (2009) 254-265.
DOI Google Scholar
[112]

E.A. Mayer, R. Knight, S.K. Mazmanian, J.F. Cryan, K. Tillisch, Gut microbes and the brain: paradigm shift in neuroscience, J. Neurosci. 34 (2014) 15490-15496.
DOI Google Scholar
[113]

J.F. Cryan, T.G. Dinan, Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour, Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13 (2012) 701-712.
DOI Google Scholar
[114]

A. Keshavarzian, S.J. Green, P.A. Engen, R.M. Voigt, A. Naqib, C.B. Forsyth, et al., Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease, Mov. Disord. 30 (2015) 1351-1360.
DOI Google Scholar
[115]

E.A. Mayer, K. Tillisch, The brain-gut axis in abdominal pain syndromes, Annu. Rev. Med. 62 (2011).
DOI Google Scholar
[116]

M.H. McLean, D. Dieguez, L.M. Miller, H.A. Young, Does the microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases?, Gut 64 (2014),http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308514.

DOI Google Scholar
[117]

S. van Hemert, A.C. Breedveld, J. Rovers, J. Vermeiden, B. Witteman, M.G. Smits, et al., Migraine associated with gastrointestinal disorders: review of the literature and clinical implications, Front. Neurol. 5 (2013) 241-.
DOI Google Scholar
[118]

S. O’Mahony, V. Felice, K. Nally, H. Savignac, M. Claesson, P. Scully, et al., Disturbance of the gut microbiota in early-life selectively affects visceral pain in adulthood without impacting cognitive or anxiety-related behaviors in male rats, Neuroscience 277 (2014) 885-901.
DOI Google Scholar
[119]

S. O’Mahony, G. Clarke, Y. Borre, T. Dinan, J. Cryan, Serotonin: tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis, Behav. Brain Res. 277 (2015) 32-48.
DOI Google Scholar
[120]

E.A. Mayer, T. Savidge, R.J. Shulman, Brain?gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders, Gastroenterology 146 (2014) 1500-1512.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 15 May 2017
Revised: 20 July 2017
Accepted: 26 July 2017
Published: 08 August 2017
Issue date: September 2017

Copyright

© 2017 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (grant number 2015BAD16B02) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant number 31201408 and 31471718).

Rights and permissions

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Return