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Forest Ecosystems 2023, 10(6): 100150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100150
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 22 November 2023

Silver fir tree-ring fluctuations decrease from north to south latitude—total solar irradiance and NAO are indicated as the main influencing factors

Show Author's Information Václav Šimůneka( ),  Anna Prokůpkováa,  Zdeněk Vaceka,  Stanislav Vaceka,  Jan Cukora,b,  Jiří Remeša,  Vojtěch Hájeka,  Giuseppe D'Andreaa,  Martin Šálekb,c,g,  Paola Nolad,  Osvaldo Pericolod,  Šárka Holzbachováe,  Francesco Ripullonef
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ—165 00, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i, Strnady 136, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
Forests of the Czech Republic, SOE, Přemyslova 1106/19, Nový Hradec Králové, 500 08, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ—165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Keywords:
Temperature, Precipitation, Abies alba ​Mill., Tree-rings, Solar cycle, North Atlantic oscillation
Cite this article:
Šimůnek V, Prokůpková A, Vacek Z, et al. Silver fir tree-ring fluctuations decrease from north to south latitude—total solar irradiance and NAO are indicated as the main influencing factors. Forest Ecosystems, 2023, 10(6): 100150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100150
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Abstract Full text About this article

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a flexible European tree species, mainly vegetating within the mountainous regions of Europe, but its growth responses across its latitudinal and longitudinal range have not yet been satisfactorily verified under changing environmental conditions. This study describes the tree-ring increment of silver fir in research plots across a latitudinal gradient from the northern range in Czechia (CZ), through Croatia (HR) to the southernmost range in Italy (IT). The research aims to analyze in detail the dynamics and cyclicity of the ring-width index (RWI) and how it relates to climatic factors (temperature and precipitation), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and total solar irradiance (TSI), including the determination of latitude. The results show that the main drivers affecting fir growth are the seasonal NAO index and TSI. Monthly temperatures affect RWI early in the vegetation season, while lack of precipitation during the summer is a limiting factor for fir growth, especially in July. Seasonal temperatures and temperatures in June and July negatively impact, while seasonal precipitation totals in the same months positively influence the RWI in all research plots across meridian. The longest growth cycles in fir RWI were recorded in the northernmost studied plots in CZ. These cyclical fluctuations recede approaching the south. The cyclic increase in RWI is related to the TSI, which decreases its effect from north to south. The TSI's effects vary, positively impacting CZ but negatively influencing HR while remaining relatively neutral in IT. On the other hand, seasonal NAO tends to negatively affect silver fir growth in HR and CZ but has a mildly positive effect in IT. In conclusion, the TSI and the influence of the seasonal NAO index are prevalent in the fir RWI and are accompanied by a greater cyclicity of RWI in Central Europe (temperature optimum) than in the Italian Mediterranean region, where this tree species is limited by climatic conditions, especially lack of precipitation.


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About this article

Silver fir tree-ring fluctuations decrease from north to south latitude—total solar irradiance and NAO are indicated as the main influencing factors

Show Author's information Václav Šimůneka( ), Anna Prokůpkováa, Zdeněk Vaceka, Stanislav Vaceka, Jan Cukora,b, Jiří Remeša, Vojtěch Hájeka, Giuseppe D'Andreaa, Martin Šálekb,c,g, Paola Nolad, Osvaldo Pericolod, Šárka Holzbachováe, Francesco Ripullonef
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ—165 00, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i, Strnady 136, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
Forests of the Czech Republic, SOE, Přemyslova 1106/19, Nový Hradec Králové, 500 08, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ—165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic

Abstract

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a flexible European tree species, mainly vegetating within the mountainous regions of Europe, but its growth responses across its latitudinal and longitudinal range have not yet been satisfactorily verified under changing environmental conditions. This study describes the tree-ring increment of silver fir in research plots across a latitudinal gradient from the northern range in Czechia (CZ), through Croatia (HR) to the southernmost range in Italy (IT). The research aims to analyze in detail the dynamics and cyclicity of the ring-width index (RWI) and how it relates to climatic factors (temperature and precipitation), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and total solar irradiance (TSI), including the determination of latitude. The results show that the main drivers affecting fir growth are the seasonal NAO index and TSI. Monthly temperatures affect RWI early in the vegetation season, while lack of precipitation during the summer is a limiting factor for fir growth, especially in July. Seasonal temperatures and temperatures in June and July negatively impact, while seasonal precipitation totals in the same months positively influence the RWI in all research plots across meridian. The longest growth cycles in fir RWI were recorded in the northernmost studied plots in CZ. These cyclical fluctuations recede approaching the south. The cyclic increase in RWI is related to the TSI, which decreases its effect from north to south. The TSI's effects vary, positively impacting CZ but negatively influencing HR while remaining relatively neutral in IT. On the other hand, seasonal NAO tends to negatively affect silver fir growth in HR and CZ but has a mildly positive effect in IT. In conclusion, the TSI and the influence of the seasonal NAO index are prevalent in the fir RWI and are accompanied by a greater cyclicity of RWI in Central Europe (temperature optimum) than in the Italian Mediterranean region, where this tree species is limited by climatic conditions, especially lack of precipitation.

Keywords: Temperature, Precipitation, Abies alba ​Mill., Tree-rings, Solar cycle, North Atlantic oscillation

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Publication history

Received: 24 July 2023
Revised: 15 November 2023
Accepted: 15 November 2023
Published: 22 November 2023
Issue date: December 2023

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© 2023 The Authors.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Richard Lee Manore, a native speaker, and Jitka Šišáková, an expert in the field, for checking English. We are also grateful to the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute of the Czech Republic, to Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, and to Italian Civil Protection Authority, Region Basilicata for providing the data for monthly precipitation and temperature; to the Royal Observatory of Belgium, Solar Influences Data Analysis Center for providing the TSI data, to the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia for providing data of monthly NAO index.

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