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Forest Ecosystems 2023, 10(3): 100118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100118
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 25 May 2023

Multi-year throughfall reduction enhanced the growth and non-structural carbohydrate storage of roots at the expenses of above-ground growth in a warm-temperate natural oak forest

Show Author's Information Cuiju Liua,b,1,  Zhicheng Chena,b,1,  Shirong Liua,b( ),  Kunfang Caoc,  Baoliang Niua,b,  Xiaojing Liub,d,  Xiaomin Gaoa,b
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
Baotianman Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Nanyang, 473000, China
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
Henan Baotianman Nature Reserve Administration, Neixiang, 474350, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
Climate change, Drought stress, Carbon allocation, Nonstructural carbohydrates, Forest ecophysiology, Warm-temperate forests
Cite this article:
Liu C, Chen Z, Liu S, et al. Multi-year throughfall reduction enhanced the growth and non-structural carbohydrate storage of roots at the expenses of above-ground growth in a warm-temperate natural oak forest. Forest Ecosystems, 2023, 10(3): 100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100118
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Abstract Full text About this article

The more frequent occurrence and severer drought events resulting from climate change are increasingly affecting the physiological performance of trees and ecosystem carbon sequestration in many regions of the world. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the responses and adaption of forest trees to prolonged and multi-year drought is still limited. To address this problem, we conducted a long-term manipulative throughfall reduction (TFR, reduction of natural throughfall by 50%–70% during growing seasons) experiment in a natural oriental white oak (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim.) forest under warm-temperate climate. After seven years of continuous TFR treatment, the aboveground growth in Q. aliena var. acuteserrata started to decline. Compared with the control plots, trees in the TFR treatment significantly reduced growth increments of stems (−14.2%) and leaf area index (−6.8%). The rate of net photosynthesis appeared to be more susceptible to changes in soil water in trees subjected to the TFR than in the control. The TFR-treated trees allocated significantly more photosynthates to belowground, leading to enhanced growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) storage in roots. The 7-year continuous TFR treatment increased the biomass, the production and the NSC concentration in the fine roots by 53.6%, 153.6% and 9.6%, respectively. There were clear trade-offs between the aboveground growth and the fine root biomass and NSC storage in Q. aliena var. acuteserrata trees in response to the multi-year TFR treatment. A negative correlation between the fine root NSC concentration and soil water suggested a strategy of preferential C storage over growth when soil water became deficient; the stored NSC during water limitation would then help promote root growth when drought stress is released. Our findings demonstrate the warm-temperate oak forest adopted a more conservative NSC use strategy in response to long-term drought stress, with enhanced root growth and NSC storage at the expenses of above-ground growth to mitigate climate change-induced drought.


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About this article

Multi-year throughfall reduction enhanced the growth and non-structural carbohydrate storage of roots at the expenses of above-ground growth in a warm-temperate natural oak forest

Show Author's information Cuiju Liua,b,1, Zhicheng Chena,b,1, Shirong Liua,b( ), Kunfang Caoc, Baoliang Niua,b, Xiaojing Liub,d, Xiaomin Gaoa,b
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
Baotianman Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Nanyang, 473000, China
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
Henan Baotianman Nature Reserve Administration, Neixiang, 474350, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

The more frequent occurrence and severer drought events resulting from climate change are increasingly affecting the physiological performance of trees and ecosystem carbon sequestration in many regions of the world. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the responses and adaption of forest trees to prolonged and multi-year drought is still limited. To address this problem, we conducted a long-term manipulative throughfall reduction (TFR, reduction of natural throughfall by 50%–70% during growing seasons) experiment in a natural oriental white oak (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim.) forest under warm-temperate climate. After seven years of continuous TFR treatment, the aboveground growth in Q. aliena var. acuteserrata started to decline. Compared with the control plots, trees in the TFR treatment significantly reduced growth increments of stems (−14.2%) and leaf area index (−6.8%). The rate of net photosynthesis appeared to be more susceptible to changes in soil water in trees subjected to the TFR than in the control. The TFR-treated trees allocated significantly more photosynthates to belowground, leading to enhanced growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) storage in roots. The 7-year continuous TFR treatment increased the biomass, the production and the NSC concentration in the fine roots by 53.6%, 153.6% and 9.6%, respectively. There were clear trade-offs between the aboveground growth and the fine root biomass and NSC storage in Q. aliena var. acuteserrata trees in response to the multi-year TFR treatment. A negative correlation between the fine root NSC concentration and soil water suggested a strategy of preferential C storage over growth when soil water became deficient; the stored NSC during water limitation would then help promote root growth when drought stress is released. Our findings demonstrate the warm-temperate oak forest adopted a more conservative NSC use strategy in response to long-term drought stress, with enhanced root growth and NSC storage at the expenses of above-ground growth to mitigate climate change-induced drought.

Keywords: Climate change, Drought stress, Carbon allocation, Nonstructural carbohydrates, Forest ecophysiology, Warm-temperate forests

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Publication history

Received: 01 April 2023
Revised: 14 May 2023
Accepted: 14 May 2023
Published: 25 May 2023
Issue date: June 2023

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© 2023 The Authors.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, China (No. 2021YFD2200405), National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (No. 31930078), the Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2020QB009) and the special funding for long term forest ecosystem research from National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

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