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Forest Ecosystems 2023, 10(2): 100097 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100097
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 14 February 2023

Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pyrenaica: Two neighbors with few things in common

Show Author's Information Sergio de Tomás Marína( ),  Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerradab,  Salvador Arenas-Castroc,  Iván Prietod,  Guillermo Gonzálezb,  Luis Gilb,  Enrique G. de la Rivaa,d
Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Area of Ecology, Botany Department, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
Keywords:
Forest dynamics, European beech, Species coexistence, Environmental niche, Functional niche, Hypervolume, Pyrenean oak, Sub-Mediterranean community
Cite this article:
de Tomás Marín S, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Arenas-Castro S, et al. Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pyrenaica: Two neighbors with few things in common. Forest Ecosystems, 2023, 10(2): 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100097
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Abstract Full text About this article
Background

The Iberian Peninsula comprises one of the largest boundaries between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian vegetation, known as sub-Mediterranean zone. This ecotone hosts many unique plant species and communities and constitutes the low-latitude (warm) margin of numerous central European species which co-occur with Mediterranean vegetation. Two of the main species found in this region are the Eurosiberian European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the Mediterranean Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.). It remains unclear how the different physiological and adaptive strategies of these two species reflect their niche partitioning within a sub-Mediterranean community and to what extent phenotypic variation (intraspecific variability) is driving niche partitioning across Eurosiberian and Mediterranean species.

Methods

We quantified functional niche partitioning, based on the n-dimensional hypervolume to nine traits related to resource acquisition strategies (leaf, stem and root) plus relative growth rate as an additional whole-plant trait, and the environmental niche similarity between Pyrenean oak and European beech. Further, we analyzed the degree of phenotypic variation of both target species and its relationship with relative growth rates (RGR) and environmental conditions. Plant recruitment was measured for both target species as a proxy for the average fitness.

Results

Species' functional space was highly segregated (13.09% overlap), mainly due to differences in niche breadth (59.7%) rather than niche replacement (25.6%), and beech showed higher trait variability, i.e., had larger functional space. However, both species shared the environmental space, i.e., environmental niches were overlapped. Most plant traits were not related to abiotic variables or RGR, neither did RGR to plant traits.

Conclusions

Both target species share similar environmental space, however, show notably different functional resource-use strategies, promoting a high complementarity that contributes to maintaining a high functionality in sub-Mediterranean ecosystems. Therefore, we propose that conservation efforts be oriented to preserve both species in these habitats to maximize ecosystem functionality and resilience.


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About this article

Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pyrenaica: Two neighbors with few things in common

Show Author's information Sergio de Tomás Marína( ), Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerradab, Salvador Arenas-Castroc, Iván Prietod, Guillermo Gonzálezb, Luis Gilb, Enrique G. de la Rivaa,d
Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Area of Ecology, Botany Department, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain

Abstract

Background

The Iberian Peninsula comprises one of the largest boundaries between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian vegetation, known as sub-Mediterranean zone. This ecotone hosts many unique plant species and communities and constitutes the low-latitude (warm) margin of numerous central European species which co-occur with Mediterranean vegetation. Two of the main species found in this region are the Eurosiberian European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the Mediterranean Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.). It remains unclear how the different physiological and adaptive strategies of these two species reflect their niche partitioning within a sub-Mediterranean community and to what extent phenotypic variation (intraspecific variability) is driving niche partitioning across Eurosiberian and Mediterranean species.

Methods

We quantified functional niche partitioning, based on the n-dimensional hypervolume to nine traits related to resource acquisition strategies (leaf, stem and root) plus relative growth rate as an additional whole-plant trait, and the environmental niche similarity between Pyrenean oak and European beech. Further, we analyzed the degree of phenotypic variation of both target species and its relationship with relative growth rates (RGR) and environmental conditions. Plant recruitment was measured for both target species as a proxy for the average fitness.

Results

Species' functional space was highly segregated (13.09% overlap), mainly due to differences in niche breadth (59.7%) rather than niche replacement (25.6%), and beech showed higher trait variability, i.e., had larger functional space. However, both species shared the environmental space, i.e., environmental niches were overlapped. Most plant traits were not related to abiotic variables or RGR, neither did RGR to plant traits.

Conclusions

Both target species share similar environmental space, however, show notably different functional resource-use strategies, promoting a high complementarity that contributes to maintaining a high functionality in sub-Mediterranean ecosystems. Therefore, we propose that conservation efforts be oriented to preserve both species in these habitats to maximize ecosystem functionality and resilience.

Keywords: Forest dynamics, European beech, Species coexistence, Environmental niche, Functional niche, Hypervolume, Pyrenean oak, Sub-Mediterranean community

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Publication history

Received: 21 October 2022
Revised: 07 February 2023
Accepted: 09 February 2023
Published: 14 February 2023
Issue date: April 2023

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© 2023 The Authors.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors of this study would like to thank Mario Vega and all the technical staff of the "Hayedo de Montejo" for their always good willingness to facilitate our works in the forest and the interest shown in this study. Many thanks to Claudia Buchwald for her help and guidance in the lab analysis carried out for this research. Also thanks to Diego Alejandro Melo Prieto for his great help both in the field and in the lab, and to Pardis Golabvand and Marina Tsioli for their help with the lab analyses. We would also like to thank Professor Dr. Francisco Lloret for his advice on field ecological methodology and to his biology student at the time of the performance of this study Anna Ticó i Pifarré for her great help and support with the field work.

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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