Thrust-vectoring schemes for electric propulsion systems: A review

Thrust-vectoring capability has become a critical feature for propulsion systems as space missions move from static to dynamic. Thrust-vectoring is a well-developed area of rocket engine science. For electric propulsion, however, it is an evolving field that has taken a new leap forward in recent years. A review and analysis of thrust-vectoring schemes for electric propulsion systems have been conducted. The scope of this review includes thrust-vectoring schemes that can be implemented for electrostatic, electromagnetic, and beam-driven thrusters. A classification of electric propulsion schemes that provide thrust-vectoring capability is developed. More attention is given to schemes implemented in laboratory prototypes and flight models. The final part is devoted to a discussion on the suitability of different electric propulsion systems with thrust-vectoring capability for modern space mission operations. The thrust-vectoring capability of electric propulsion is necessary for inner and outer space satellites, which are at a disadvantage with conventional unidirectional propulsion systems due to their limited maneuverability.