Aero-propulsion analysis of distributed ducted-fan propulsion based on lifting-line driven body-force model

As the environmental problems become increasingly serious, distributed electrical propulsion systems with higher aerodynamic efficiency and lower pollution emission have received extensive attention in recent years. The distributed electrical propulsion usually employs the new aero-propulsion integrated configuration. A simulation strategy for internal and external flow coupling based on the combination of lifting line theory and body force method is proposed. The lifting line theory and body force method as source term are embedded into the Navier-Stokes formulation. The lift and drag characteristics of the aero-propulsion coupling configuration are simulated. The results indicate that the coupling configuration has the most obvious lift augmentation at 12° angle of attack, which can provide an 11.11% increase in lift for the airfoil. At 0° angle of attack, the pressure difference on the lip parts provides the thrust component, which results in a lower drag coefficient. Additionally, the failure impact of a ducted fan at the middle or edge on aerodynamics is investigated. For the two failure conditions, the lift of the coupling configuration is decreased significantly by 27.85% and 26.14% respectively, and the lip thrust is decreased by 70.74% and 56.48% respectively.