A gradient-based method assisted by surrogate model for robust optimization of turbomachinery blades

The design optimization taking into account the impact of uncertainties favors improving the robustness of the design. A Surrogate-Assisted Gradient-Based (SAGB) method for the robust aerodynamic design optimization of turbomachinery blades considering large-scale uncertainty is introduced, verified and validated in the study. The gradient-based method is employed due to its high optimization efficiency and any one surrogate model with sufficient response accuracy can be employed to quantify the nonlinear performance changes. The gradients of objective performance function to the design parameters are calculated first for all the training samples, from which the gradients of cost function can be fast determined. To reveal the high efficiency and high accuracy of SAGB on gradient calculation, the number of flow computations needed is evaluated and compared with three other methods. Through the aerodynamic design optimization of a transonic turbine cascade minimizing total pressure loss at the outlet, the SAGB-based gradients of the base and optimized blades are compared with those obtained by the Monte Carlo-assisted finite difference method. Moreover, the results of both the robust and deterministic aerodynamic design optimizations are presented and compared to demonstrate the practicability of SAGB on improving the aerodynamic robustness of turbomachinery blades.