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Research paper | Open Access

A haplotype-resolved genome assembly for Centella asiatica provides insights into its genome evolution and ursane-type triterpene accumulation

Chao Wanga,b,1, Yingchen Haoa,b,1, Zhonghui Zhanga,b,1, Xumin Oua,b, Zifei Guoa,b, Shouchuang Wanga,b( ), Jun Yanga,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant containing various ursane-type saponins that serve as a model system for studying triterpenoid accumulation. We assembled a haplotype-resolved genome for C. asiatica, and it showed allelic imbalance between haplotypes. The genome underwent one whole-genome duplication event followed by chromosomal fusion resulting in the current karyotype. We also constructed the metabolic regulatory network of triterpenoid saponins and found that triterpenoid biosynthesis was accompanied by gene duplication. These findings may assist in mining genes for the metabolism of C. asiatica and improving the understanding of the genetic basis for the diversity of triterpenoid biosynthesis.

Keywords

Centella asiaticaHaplotype-resolved genomeAllelic imbalanceDuplicationUrsane-type triterpenesGlycosyltransferase

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The Crop Journal
Volume 14 Issue 3,
June 2026
Pages 959-971
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2026.02.003

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Cite this article:
Wang C, Hao Y, Zhang Z, et al. A haplotype-resolved genome assembly for Centella asiatica provides insights into its genome evolution and ursane-type triterpene accumulation. The Crop Journal, 2026, 14(3): 959-971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2026.02.003

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Received: 31 October 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 05 February 2026
Published: 27 February 2026
© 2026 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).