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Avian Research 2022, 13(3): 100048 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100048
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 31 July 2022

The effect of urbanization and exposure to multiple environmental factors on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) across China

Show Author's Information Yanyan Zhaoa,b,1,  Emilio Pagani-Núñezc,1( ),  Yu Liud,  Xiaoying Xinge,  Zhiqiang Zhangf,  Guangji Pana,  Luting Songa,  Xiang Lie,  Zhuoya Zhouf,  Yanqiu Chenf,  Donglai Lig,  Yang Liua,  Rebecca J. Safranh
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215028, China
Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100091, China
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

1 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

Keywords:
Parental investment, Noise pollution, Latitude, Fitness, Heat-island effect, Light pollution
Cite this article:
Zhao Y, Pagani-Núñez E, Liu Y, et al. The effect of urbanization and exposure to multiple environmental factors on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) across China. Avian Research, 2022, 13(3): 100048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100048
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Abstract Full text About this article

In addition to landscape changes, urbanization also brings about changes in environmental factors that can affect wildlife. Despite the common referral in the published literature to multiple environmental factors such as light and noise pollution, there is a gap in knowledge about their combined impact. We developed a multidimensional environmental framework to assess the effect of urbanization and multiple environmental factors (light, noise, and temperature) on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) across rural to urban gradients in four locations spanning over 2500 ​km from North to South China. Over a single breeding season, we measured these environmental factors nearby nests and quantified landscape urbanization over a 1 ​km2 radius. We then analysed the relationships between these multiple environmental factors through a principal component analysis and conducted spatially explicit linear-mixed effects models to assess their effect on life-history traits and breeding success. We were particularly interested in understanding whether and how Barn Swallows were able to adapt to such environmental conditions associated with urbanization. The results show that there is significant variation in the exposure to environmental conditions experienced by Barn Swallows breeding across urbanization gradients in China. These changes and their effects are complex due to the behavioural responses ameliorating potential negative effects by selecting nesting sites that minimize exposure to environmental factors. However, significant relationships between landscape urbanization, exposure to environmental factors, and life-history traits such as laying date and clutch size were pervasive. Still, the impact on breeding success was, at least in our sample, negligible, suggesting that Barn Swallows are extremely adaptable to a wide range of environmental features.


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About this article

The effect of urbanization and exposure to multiple environmental factors on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) across China

Show Author's information Yanyan Zhaoa,b,1, Emilio Pagani-Núñezc,1( ), Yu Liud, Xiaoying Xinge, Zhiqiang Zhangf, Guangji Pana, Luting Songa, Xiang Lie, Zhuoya Zhouf, Yanqiu Chenf, Donglai Lig, Yang Liua, Rebecca J. Safranh
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215028, China
Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100091, China
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China
Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

1 These authors contributed equally to the paper.

Abstract

In addition to landscape changes, urbanization also brings about changes in environmental factors that can affect wildlife. Despite the common referral in the published literature to multiple environmental factors such as light and noise pollution, there is a gap in knowledge about their combined impact. We developed a multidimensional environmental framework to assess the effect of urbanization and multiple environmental factors (light, noise, and temperature) on life-history traits and breeding success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) across rural to urban gradients in four locations spanning over 2500 ​km from North to South China. Over a single breeding season, we measured these environmental factors nearby nests and quantified landscape urbanization over a 1 ​km2 radius. We then analysed the relationships between these multiple environmental factors through a principal component analysis and conducted spatially explicit linear-mixed effects models to assess their effect on life-history traits and breeding success. We were particularly interested in understanding whether and how Barn Swallows were able to adapt to such environmental conditions associated with urbanization. The results show that there is significant variation in the exposure to environmental conditions experienced by Barn Swallows breeding across urbanization gradients in China. These changes and their effects are complex due to the behavioural responses ameliorating potential negative effects by selecting nesting sites that minimize exposure to environmental factors. However, significant relationships between landscape urbanization, exposure to environmental factors, and life-history traits such as laying date and clutch size were pervasive. Still, the impact on breeding success was, at least in our sample, negligible, suggesting that Barn Swallows are extremely adaptable to a wide range of environmental features.

Keywords: Parental investment, Noise pollution, Latitude, Fitness, Heat-island effect, Light pollution

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Received: 10 March 2022
Revised: 27 June 2022
Accepted: 27 June 2022
Published: 31 July 2022
Issue date: September 2022

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Wangming Li, Xinyuan Pan, Dan Liang, Zhenming Yang, Xia Zhan, Minghai Huang, Chengyi Liu, Qingxia Li, Yujun Feng, Shi Li, Wei Chen, Xuan Wu, Yuhao Sha, Xiaomeng Zhao, Yajie Que, Xiaopeng Tan, Lei Zhao, Ruihan Chen, Licheng Yuan, and Zi Yun for their help in the field. We are also very grateful to several anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770454 to E.P.N., X.X. and R.J.S.).

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