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Avian Research 2022, 13(3): 100041 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100041
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 04 June 2022

Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China

Show Author's Information Hongyan Yaoa,  Pengcheng Wangb,  Nan Wanga,  Philip J.K. McGowanc,  Xingfeng Sid,  Jianqiang Lia,  Jiliang Xua( )
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Keywords:
Species richness, Community assembly, Phylogeny, China, Functional traits, Environmental filtering, Pheasants
Cite this article:
Yao H, Wang P, Wang N, et al. Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China. Avian Research, 2022, 13(3): 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100041
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Abstract Full text About this article

Biodiversity has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It is critical to understand the different processes that govern community assembly and species coexistence under biogeographic processes and anthropogenic events. Pheasants (Aves: Phasianidae) are highly threatened birds and China supports the richest pheasant species worldwide. Unravelling the spatial patterns and underlying factors associated with multi-dimensional biodiversity of species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of pheasants in China is helpful to understand not only the processes that govern pheasant community assembly and species coexistence, but also pheasant biodiversity conservation. We used a total of 45 pheasant species in China and analyzed the SR, FD, PD, and functional and phylogenetic structures by integrating species distribution maps, functional traits and phylogenies based on 50 ​km ​× ​50 ​km grid cells. We further used simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models to explore the factors that determined these patterns. The southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), Hengduan Mountains, southwestern Mountains, the east of the Qilian Mountains, the Qinling, southern China displayed higher SR, FD, and PD, which were determined by elevation, habitat heterogeneity, temperature seasonality, and vegetation cover. Elevation primarily determined the functional and phylogenetic structures of the pheasant communities. Assemblages in the highlands were marked by functional and phylogenetic clustering, particularly in the QTP, whereas the lowlands in eastern China comprised community overdispersion. Clustered pheasant assemblages were composed of young lineages. Patterns of functional and phylogenetic structures and richness-controlled functional and phylogenetic diversity differed between regions, suggesting that phylogenetic structures are not a good proxy for identifying functional structures. We revealed the significant role of elevation in pheasant community assemblages in China. Highlands interacted with community clustering, whereas lowlands interacted with overdispersion, supporting the environmental filtering hypothesis. Biogeographical drivers other than anthropogenic factor determined biodiversity of pheasants at the present scale of China. This study provides complementary background resources for multi-dimensional pheasant biodiversity and provides insights into avian biodiversity patterns in China.


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About this article

Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China

Show Author's information Hongyan Yaoa, Pengcheng Wangb, Nan Wanga, Philip J.K. McGowanc, Xingfeng Sid, Jianqiang Lia, Jiliang Xua( )
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China

Abstract

Biodiversity has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It is critical to understand the different processes that govern community assembly and species coexistence under biogeographic processes and anthropogenic events. Pheasants (Aves: Phasianidae) are highly threatened birds and China supports the richest pheasant species worldwide. Unravelling the spatial patterns and underlying factors associated with multi-dimensional biodiversity of species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of pheasants in China is helpful to understand not only the processes that govern pheasant community assembly and species coexistence, but also pheasant biodiversity conservation. We used a total of 45 pheasant species in China and analyzed the SR, FD, PD, and functional and phylogenetic structures by integrating species distribution maps, functional traits and phylogenies based on 50 ​km ​× ​50 ​km grid cells. We further used simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models to explore the factors that determined these patterns. The southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), Hengduan Mountains, southwestern Mountains, the east of the Qilian Mountains, the Qinling, southern China displayed higher SR, FD, and PD, which were determined by elevation, habitat heterogeneity, temperature seasonality, and vegetation cover. Elevation primarily determined the functional and phylogenetic structures of the pheasant communities. Assemblages in the highlands were marked by functional and phylogenetic clustering, particularly in the QTP, whereas the lowlands in eastern China comprised community overdispersion. Clustered pheasant assemblages were composed of young lineages. Patterns of functional and phylogenetic structures and richness-controlled functional and phylogenetic diversity differed between regions, suggesting that phylogenetic structures are not a good proxy for identifying functional structures. We revealed the significant role of elevation in pheasant community assemblages in China. Highlands interacted with community clustering, whereas lowlands interacted with overdispersion, supporting the environmental filtering hypothesis. Biogeographical drivers other than anthropogenic factor determined biodiversity of pheasants at the present scale of China. This study provides complementary background resources for multi-dimensional pheasant biodiversity and provides insights into avian biodiversity patterns in China.

Keywords: Species richness, Community assembly, Phylogeny, China, Functional traits, Environmental filtering, Pheasants

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Publication history

Received: 27 March 2022
Revised: 04 May 2022
Accepted: 28 May 2022
Published: 04 June 2022
Issue date: September 2022

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© 2022 The Authors.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank Keji Guo, Xianda Li, Jianzhi Zhang, Nan Lyv, Yiqiang Fu, and Yu Xu for providing pheasant occurrence data in the field. We thank Yongjie Huang for his help with the data analysis. We appreciate Yuhao Zhao for his comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872240) and the National Key R & D Plan Project (No. 2016YFC0503206).

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