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Research Article | Open Access

Powered-descent landing GNC system design and flight results for Tianwen-1 mission

Xiangyu Huang1,2, Chao Xu1,2, Jinchang Hu1,2, Maodeng Li1,2 , Minwen Guo1,2, Xiaolei Wang1, Yu Zhao1, Baocheng Hua1, Yunpeng Wang1
Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing, 100094, China
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control, Beijing, 100094, China
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Abstract

The powered-descent landing (PDL) phase of the Tianwen-1 mission began with composite backshell—parachute (CBP) separation and ended with landing-rover touchdown. The main tasks of this phase were to reduce the velocity of the lander, perform the avoidance maneuver, and guarantee a soft touchdown. The PDL phase overcame many challenges: performing the divert maneuver to avoid collision with the CBP while simultaneously avoiding large-scale hazards; slowing the descent from approximately 95 to 0 m/s; performing the precise hazard-avoidance maneuver; and placing the lander gently and safely on the surface of Mars. The architecture and algorithms of the guidance, navigation, and control system for the PDL phase were designed; its execution resulted in Tianwen-1's successful touchdown in the morning of 15 May 2021. Consequently, the Tianwen-1 mission achieved a historic autonomous landing with simultaneous hazard and CBP avoidance.

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Keywords

Tianwen-1powered-descent landing (PDL)guidance, navigation, and control (GNC)backshell avoidancehazard avoidance

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Astrodynamics
Volume 6 Issue 1,
March 2022
Pages 3-16
DOI: 10.1007/s42064-021-0118-9

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Cite this article:
Huang X, Xu C, Hu J, et al. Powered-descent landing GNC system design and flight results for Tianwen-1 mission. Astrodynamics, 2022, 6(1): 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42064-021-0118-9

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Received: 16 September 2021
Accepted: 23 October 2021
Published: 04 January 2022
© The Author(s) 2022

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