Angles-only initial relative orbit determination algorithm for non-cooperative spacecraft proximity operations

This research furthers the development of a closed-form solution to the angles-only initial relative orbit determination problem for non-cooperative target close-in proximity operations when the camera offset from the vehicle center-of-mass allows for range observability. In previous work, the solution to this problem had been shown to be non-global optimal in the sense of least square and had only been discussed in the context of Clohessy-Wiltshire. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on developing a more compact and improved solution to the problem by using state augmentation least square method in the context of the Clohessy-Wiltshire and Tschauner-Hempel dynamics, derivation of corresponding error covariance, and performance analysis for typical rendezvous missions. A two-body Monte Carlo simulation system is used to evaluate the performance of the solution. The sensitivity of the solution accuracy to camera offset, observation period, and the number of observations are presented and discussed.