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Biophysics Reports 2020, 6(2-3): 49-67 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41048-020-00108-9
Review | Open Access | Issue | Published: 17 June 2020

C-reactive protein in gallbladder diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic insights

Show Author's Information Ibraheem M. Rajab1( ),  Daniel Majerczyk1,  Margaret E. Olson1,  Jenna M. B. Addams1,  Mihee L. Choe1,  Matthew S. Nelson1,  Lawrence A. Potempa1( )
College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA
Keywords:
Inflammation, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Monomeric C-reactive, Gallbladder, Gallstone, Cholecystitis
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Rajab IM, Majerczyk D, Olson ME, et al. C-reactive protein in gallbladder diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic insights. Biophysics Reports, 2020, 6(2-3): 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41048-020-00108-9
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Abstract Full text About this article

The gallbladder is an important component of the hepatobiliary system whose primary function is to aid in digestion of foodstuffs, excretion of drugs and facilitate removal of waste products from the body. The gall bladder is principally a storage organ for bile, chemically modified salts and acids of cholesterol which are synthesized in the liver and which function as surfactants to solubilize fatty substances of limited aqueous solubility. Any disruption in the amount or activity of bile surfactant can lead to an accumulation of insoluble molecular clumps (e.g., gallstones) that deposit in and obstruct fluid movement within the gallbladder, and which can lead to pathological congestion and tissue damage. The natural host defense response to any event that causes tissue damage is to stimulate inflammation, which non-specifically but aggressively reacts to the stimuli so to remove the cause and repair damaged tissues. The C-reactive protein (CRP) is a primarily hepatically produced serum protein whose blood levels increase within 6–10 h of any tissue-damaging event. The extent with which it increases correlates with the level of tissue damage and associated inflammation. CRP levels are reported to be of value in diagnosing acute cholecystitis severity, in predicting the outcome and prognosis of cancer-associated gallbladder resection, and in helping identify cystic structures during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomies. As an understanding of distinctive CRP structural isoforms is evolving, its role not only as a biomarker but as regulator of both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes of inflammation may be relevant in the understanding of and treatment approaches for gallbladder-associated disease.


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About this article

C-reactive protein in gallbladder diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic insights

Show Author's information Ibraheem M. Rajab1( ), Daniel Majerczyk1, Margaret E. Olson1, Jenna M. B. Addams1, Mihee L. Choe1, Matthew S. Nelson1, Lawrence A. Potempa1( )
College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA

Abstract

The gallbladder is an important component of the hepatobiliary system whose primary function is to aid in digestion of foodstuffs, excretion of drugs and facilitate removal of waste products from the body. The gall bladder is principally a storage organ for bile, chemically modified salts and acids of cholesterol which are synthesized in the liver and which function as surfactants to solubilize fatty substances of limited aqueous solubility. Any disruption in the amount or activity of bile surfactant can lead to an accumulation of insoluble molecular clumps (e.g., gallstones) that deposit in and obstruct fluid movement within the gallbladder, and which can lead to pathological congestion and tissue damage. The natural host defense response to any event that causes tissue damage is to stimulate inflammation, which non-specifically but aggressively reacts to the stimuli so to remove the cause and repair damaged tissues. The C-reactive protein (CRP) is a primarily hepatically produced serum protein whose blood levels increase within 6–10 h of any tissue-damaging event. The extent with which it increases correlates with the level of tissue damage and associated inflammation. CRP levels are reported to be of value in diagnosing acute cholecystitis severity, in predicting the outcome and prognosis of cancer-associated gallbladder resection, and in helping identify cystic structures during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomies. As an understanding of distinctive CRP structural isoforms is evolving, its role not only as a biomarker but as regulator of both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes of inflammation may be relevant in the understanding of and treatment approaches for gallbladder-associated disease.

Keywords: Inflammation, Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Monomeric C-reactive, Gallbladder, Gallstone, Cholecystitis

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Publication history

Received: 22 October 2019
Accepted: 28 February 2020
Published: 17 June 2020
Issue date: June 2020

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2020

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The Roosevelt University, College of Pharmacy, Faculty Research and Professional Development Award (LAP)

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