Journal Home > Volume 12 , Issue 5

The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear. At elevated temperature, the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers. However, the intensification of oxidation at elevated temperature and the low diffusion rate in oxides may play an adverse role. The present study aims to investigate the role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear using a γ-TiAl alloy. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation were utilized to investigate the wear debris, tribolayers, and wear scars. The fretting tests showed that, compared with that at room temperature (RT) and 350 °C, significant reduction in wear rate and decrease in the fluctuation of friction coefficient occurred at 550 and 750 °C. It was further revealed that when temperature raised from room temperature (RT) to 750 °C, the oxidation of the wear debris increased slightly and the diffusion coefficients increased prominently, which facilities the formation of well tribo-sintered tribolayers. The well tribo-sintered tribolayers presented homogenous structure, nanocrystalline grains with excellent mechanical properties, and resulted in the improvement in the fretting wear resistance of the γ-TiAl alloy at 550 and 750 °C.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear of γ-TiAl alloy

Show Author's information Yulei YANG1Hongfei SHANG2Huiping PEI2( )Jimin XU3Yi LIANG1Minghui PAN1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Abstract

The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear. At elevated temperature, the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers. However, the intensification of oxidation at elevated temperature and the low diffusion rate in oxides may play an adverse role. The present study aims to investigate the role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear using a γ-TiAl alloy. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation were utilized to investigate the wear debris, tribolayers, and wear scars. The fretting tests showed that, compared with that at room temperature (RT) and 350 °C, significant reduction in wear rate and decrease in the fluctuation of friction coefficient occurred at 550 and 750 °C. It was further revealed that when temperature raised from room temperature (RT) to 750 °C, the oxidation of the wear debris increased slightly and the diffusion coefficients increased prominently, which facilities the formation of well tribo-sintered tribolayers. The well tribo-sintered tribolayers presented homogenous structure, nanocrystalline grains with excellent mechanical properties, and resulted in the improvement in the fretting wear resistance of the γ-TiAl alloy at 550 and 750 °C.

Keywords: tribolayer, temperature, fretting wear, γ-TiAl alloy

References(39)

[1]
Dréano A, Fouvry S, Guillonneau G. A tribo-oxidation abrasive wear model to quantify the wear rate of a cobalt-based alloy subjected to fretting in low-to-medium temperature conditions. Tribol Int 125: 128–140 (2018)
[2]
Mi X, Bai X M, Tang P, Xie H, Peng J F, Zhu M H. The role of the third body in the fretting wear of 690 alloy. Int J Mod Phys B 34(9): 2050077 (2020)
[3]
Wang Y J, Zhao X Q, Hao E K, Bu Z Y, An Y L, Zhou H D, Chen J M. High temperature induced “glaze” layer formed in HVOF-sprayed NiCrWMoCuCBFe coating and its wear reduction mechanism. Friction 10(9): 1424–1438 (2022)
[4]
Yang Y L, Gesang Y Z, Xu J M, Liang Y. Investigation on fretting wear of NiCrAlY coatings at elevated temperature. Surf Coat Technol 459: 129339 (2023)
[5]
Hager C H Jr, Hu J, Muratore C, Voevodin A A, Grandhi R. The mechanisms of gross slip fretting wear on nickel oxide/Ti6Al4V mated surfaces. Wear 268(9–10): 1195–1204 (2010)
[6]
Ding H H, Fridrici V, Guillonneau G, Sao-Joao S, Geringer J, Fontaine J, Kapsa P. Investigation on mechanical properties of tribofilm formed on Ti–6Al–4V surface sliding against a DLC coating by nano-indentation and micro-pillar compression techniques. Wear 432–433: 202954 (2019)
[7]
Bai L Y, Wan S H, Yi G W, Shan Y, Pham S T, Tieu A K, Li Y, Wang R D. Temperature-mediated tribological characteristics of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy during sliding against Si3N4 counterparts. Friction 9(5): 1175–1197 (2021)
[8]
Jiang J R, Stott F H, Stack M M. The role of triboparticulates in dry sliding wear. Tribol Int 31(5): 245–256 (1998)
[9]
Kato H, Komai K. Tribofilm formation and mild wear by tribo-sintering of nanometer-sized oxide particles on rubbing steel surfaces. Wear 262(1–2): 36–41 (2007)
[10]
Kim J I, Jang Y J, Kim J, Jeong J H. Improvement of running-in process of tetrahedral amorphous carbon film sliding against Si3N4 under humid air by O2 plasma post-irradiation. Appl Surf Sci 538: 147957 (2021)
[11]
Alkelae F, Fouvry S. Identification of parameters influencing the glaze layer formation and stability at high temperature for a Waspaloy/René125 contact under fretting wear conditions. Wear 390–391: 41–48 (2017)
[12]
Saleem S S, Wani M F, Khan M J. Tribological investigations on tribofilm formation and retention under dry sliding conditions with increasing loads. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L J Mater Des Appl 235(1): 59–72 (2021)
[13]
Dreano A, Fouvry S, Guillonneau G. A combined friction energy and tribo-oxidation formulation to describe the high temperature fretting wear response of a cobalt-based alloy. Wear 426–427: 712–724 (2019)
[14]
Pearson S R, Shipway P H, Abere J O, Hewitt R A A. The effect of temperature on wear and friction of a high strength steel in fretting. Wear 303(1–2): 622–631 (2013)
[15]
Hager C H Jr, Sanders J, Sharma S, Voevodin A, Segall A. The effect of temperature on gross slip fretting wear of cold-sprayed nickel coatings on Ti6Al4V interfaces. Tribol Int 42(3): 491–502 (2009)
[16]
Dreano A, Fouvry S, Guillonneau G. Understanding and formalization of the fretting-wear behavior of a cobalt-based alloy at high temperature. Wear 452–453: 203297 (2020)
[17]
Kirk A M, Shipway P H, Sun W, Bennett C J. Debris development in fretting contacts—Debris particles and debris beds. Tribol Int 149: 105592 (2020)
[18]
Viat A, De Barros Bouchet M I, Vacher B, Le Mogne T, Fouvry S, Henne J F. Nanocrystalline glaze layer in ceramic-metallic interface under fretting wear. Surf Coat Technol 308: 307–315 (2016)
[19]
Viat A, Dreano A, Fouvry S, De Barros Bouchet M I, Henne J F. Fretting wear of pure cobalt chromium and nickel to identify the distinct roles of HS25 alloying elements in high temperature glaze layer formation. Wear 376–377: 1043–1054 (2017)
[20]
Miyoshi K, Lerch B A, Draper S L. Fretting wear of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb. Tribol Int 36(2): 145–153 (2003)
[21]
Meng Y G, Xu J, Ma L R, Jin Z M, Prakash B, Ma T B, Wang W Z. A review of advances in tribology in 2020-2021. Friction 10(10): 1443–1595 (2022)
[22]
Yang Y L, Xu J M, Liang Y. A fretting wear model considering formation of tribolayers. Ind Lubr Tribol 75(4): 372–379 (2023)
[23]
Li C X, Xia J, Dong H. Sliding wear of TiAl intermetallics against steel and ceramics of Al2O3, Si3N4 and WC/Co. Wear 261(5–6): 693–701 (2006)
[24]
Cheng F, Lin J P, Liang Y F. Friction and wear properties of a high Nb-containing TiAl alloy against WC-8Co, Si3N4, and GCr15 in an unlubricated contact. Intermetallics 106: 7–12 (2019)
[25]
Mengis L, Grimme C, Galetz M C. High-temperature sliding wear behavior of an intermetallic γ–based TiAl alloy. Wear 426–427: 341–347 (2019)
[26]
Yang Y L, Wang C L, Gesang Y Z, Shang H F, Wang R, Liang Y M, Wang T C, Chen Q, Shao T M. Fretting wear evolution of γ-TiAl alloy. Tribol Int 154: 106721 (2021)
[27]
Chromik R R, Zhang Y Y. Nanomechanical testing of third bodies. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 22(4): 142–155 (2018)
[28]
Da Conceição L, D'Oliveira A S C M. The effect of oxidation on the tribolayer and sliding wear of a Co-based coating. Surf Coat Technol 288: 69–78 (2016)
[29]
Anghel E M, Marcu M, Banu A, Atkinson I, Paraschiv A, Petrescu S. Microstructure and oxidation resistance of a NiCrAlY/Al2O3-sprayed coating on Ti-19Al-10Nb-V alloy. Ceram Int 42(10): 12148–12155 (2016)
[30]
Marcu M, Banu A, Anghel E M, Paraschiv A. Corrosion behavior of a thermally oxidized orto-titanium aluminide in synthetic seawater. Int J Electrochem Sci 10(10): 8284–8297 (2015)
[31]
Sun Q B, Huston L Q, Tang C G, Wei L L, Sheppard L R, Chen H, Frankcombe T J, Bradby J E, Liu Y. Chemical synthesis and high-pressure reaction of Nb5+ monodoped rutile TiO2 nanocrystals. J Phys Chem C 124(23): 12808–12815 (2020)
[32]
Rybiak R, Fouvry S, Bonnet B. Fretting wear of stainless steels under variable temperature conditions: Introduction of a “composite” wear law. Wear 268(3–4): 413–423 (2010)
[33]
Kalin M. Influence of flash temperatures on the tribological behaviour in low-speed sliding: A review. Mater Sci Eng A 374(1–2): 390–397 (2004)
[34]
Prysiazhnyi V, Kratochvil J, Kaftan D, Ctvrtlik R, Stranak V. Growth of hard nanostructured ZrN surface induced by copper nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 562: 150230 (2021)
[35]
Viat A, Guillonneau G, Fouvry S, Kermouche G, Sao Joao S, Wehrs J, Michler J, Henne J F. Brittle to ductile transition of tribomaterial in relation to wear response at high temperatures. Wear 392–393: 60–68 (2017)
[36]
Hu Q, McColl I R, Harris S J, Waterhouse R B. The role of debris in the fretting wear of a SiC reinforced aluminium alloy matrix composite. Wear 245(1–2): 10–21 (2000)
[37]
Ihrig H K. High temperature corrosion of metals under alternate carburization and oxidation. Trans Electrochem Soc 91: 641–654 (1947)
[38]
Gardés E, Poumellec B. Multicomponent diffusion in a sublattice of an ionic crystal. Solid State Ion 180(20–22): 1133–1138 (2009)
[39]
Thomsen F, Ebel T, Willumeit-Römer R. Simulation of neck growth and shrinkage for realistic temperature profiles— Determination of diffusion coefficients in a practical oriented procedure. Scr Mater 168: 108–113 (2019)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 20 February 2023
Revised: 15 June 2023
Accepted: 17 July 2023
Published: 02 February 2024
Issue date: May 2024

Copyright

© The author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT) (Contract No. SKLTKF21B01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52175165), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Project No. BK20200470).

The first author thanks Ms. Rong WANG (Tsinghua University, China) for her help in the FIB work, and Dr. Tianyi HAN (Tsinghua University, China) for his help in the experimental work.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return