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Research Article | Open Access

Rubber–ice friction

Toshi TADA1, Satoshi KAWASAKI1, Ryouske SHIMIZU1, Bo N. J. PERSSON2,3( )
Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., Material Research & Development HQ. 2-1-1, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
MultiscaleConsulting, Jülich 52428, Germany
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Abstract

We study the friction when a rectangular tire tread rubber block is sliding on an ice surface at different temperatures ranging from −38 to −2 °C, and sliding speeds ranging from 3 μm/s to 1 cm/s. At low temperatures and low sliding speeds we propose that an important contribution to the friction force is due to slip between the ice surface and ice fragments attached to the rubber surface. At temperatures above −10 °C or for high enough sliding speeds, a thin premelted water film occurs on the ice surface and the contribution to the friction from shearing the area of real contact is small. In this case the dominant contribution to the friction force comes from viscoelastic deformations of the rubber by the ice asperities. We comment on the role of waxing on the friction between skis and snow (ice particles).

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Keywords

ice frictionrubber frictionice premelting

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Friction
Volume 11 Issue 8,
August 2023
Pages 1534-1543
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0715-5

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Cite this article:
TADA T, KAWASAKI S, SHIMIZU R, et al. Rubber–ice friction. Friction, 2023, 11(8): 1534-1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0715-5

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Received: 04 August 2022
Revised: 12 October 2022
Accepted: 26 October 2022
Published: 06 January 2023
© The author(s) 2022.

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