AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (2.8 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Strong dependency of the tribological behavior of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses on relative humidity in ambient air

Solène BARLEMONT1, Paul LAFFONT2, Rémi DAUDIN2, Alexis LENAIN3, Guillaume COLAS1, Pierre-Henri CORNUAULT1( )
Femto-ST Institute, Department of Applied Mechanics, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS/UFC/ENSMM/UTBM, Besançon 25030, France
University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, SIMaP, Grenoble 38000, France
Vulkam Inc. Amorphous metal micro casting, Gières 38610, France
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Thanks to their outstanding mechanical properties, Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) are new alternatives to traditional crystalline metals for mechanical and micromechanical applications including power transmission. However, the tribological properties of BMGs are still poorly understood, mostly because their amorphous nature induces counter intuitive responses to friction and wear. In the present study, four different BMGs (Cu47Zr46Al7, Zr46Cu45Al7Nb2, Zr60Cu28Al12, and Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2) underwent ball-on-disc friction tests against 100Cr6 steel balls (American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 52100) at different relative humidities (RHs) ranging from 20% to 80%. Controlling humidity enabled to observe a high repeatability of the friction and wear responses of the BMG. Interestingly, the friction coefficient decreased by a factor of 2 when the humidity was increased, and the wear rate of BMGs was particularly low thanks to a 3rd-body tribolayer that forms on the BMG surface, composed of oxidized wear particles originating from the ball. The morphology of this tribolayer is highly correlated to humidity. The study also identifies how the tribolayer is built up from the initial contact until the steady state is achieved.

Keywords

Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs)tribologyoxide transfer layerrelative humidity (RH)

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
40544_0680_ESM.pdf (1.5 MB)

References

[1]
Inoue A. Bulk glassy alloys: Historical development and current research. Engineering 1(2): 185–191 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Inoue A, Nishiyama N. New bulk metallic glasses for applications as magnetic-sensing, chemical, and structural materials. MRS Bull 32(8): 651–658 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Telford M. The case for bulk metallic glass. Mater Today 7(3): 36–43 (2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Greer A L. Metallic glasses… on the threshold. Mater Today 12(1–2): 14–22 (2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Niza M E, Komori M, Nomura T, Yamaji I, Nishiyama N, Ishida M, Shimizu Y. Test rig for micro gear and experimental analysis on the meshing condition and failure characteristics of steel micro involute gear and metallic glass one. Mech Mach Theory 45(12): 1797–1812 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Hofmann D C, Andersen L M, Kolodziejska J, Roberts S N, Borgonia J P, Johnson W L, Vecchio K S, Kennett A. Optimizing bulk metallic glasses for robust, highly wear-resistant gears. Adv Eng Mater 19(1): 1600541 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Prakash B. Abrasive wear behaviour of Fe, Co and Ni based metallic glasses. Wear 258(1–4): 217–224 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Parlar Z, Bakkal M, Shih A J. Sliding tribological characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Intermetallics 16(1): 34–41 (2008)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Zhong H, Chen J, Dai L Y, Yue Y, Zhang Z W, Zhang X Y, Ma M Z, Liu R P. Tribological behaviors of Zr-based bulk metallic glass versus Zr-based bulk metallic glass under relative heavy loads. Intermetallics 65: 88–93 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Hui X D, Chen W, Feng C F. Effect of sliding velocity on the transition of wear mechanism in (Zr,Cu)95Al5 bulk metallic glass. Tribol Int 101: 141–151 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Jiang F, Qu J, Fan G J, Jiang W H, Qiao D C, Freels M W, Liaw P K, Choo H. Tribological studies of a Zr-based glass-forming alloy with different states. Adv Eng Mater 11(11): 925–931 (2009)
Google Scholar
[12]
Bhatt J, Kumar S, Dong C, Murty B S. Tribological behaviour of Cu60Zr30Ti10 bulk metallic glass. Mater Sci Eng A 458(1–2): 290–294 (2007)
Google Scholar
[13]
Zhao J, Gao M, Ma M X, Cao X F, He Y Y, Wang W H, Luo J B. Influence of annealing on the tribological properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. J Non-Cryst Solids 481: 94–97 (2018)
Google Scholar
[14]
Jin H W, Ayer R, Koo J Y, Raghavan R, Ramamurty U. Reciprocating wear mechanisms in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. J Mater Res 22(2): 264–273 (2007)
Google Scholar
[15]
Wu X F, Zhang G A, Wu F F. Wear behaviour of Zr-based in situ bulk metallic glass matrix composites. Bull Mater Sci 39(3): 703–709 (2016)
Google Scholar
[16]
Yong L, Zhu Y T, Luo X K, Liu Z M. Wear behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass and its composites. J Alloys Compd 503(1): 138–144 (2010)
Google Scholar
[17]
Aditya A, Wu H F, Arora H, Mukherjee S. Amorphous metallic alloys: Pathways for enhanced wear and corrosion resistance. JOM 69(11): 2150–2155 (2017)
Google Scholar
[18]
Greer A L, Rutherford K L, Hutchings I M. Wear resistance of amorphous alloys and related materials. Int Mater Rev 47(2): 87–112 (2002)
Google Scholar
[19]
Fleury E, Lee S M, Ahn H S, Kim W T, Kim D H. Tribological properties of bulk metallic glasses. Mater Sci Eng A 375–377: 276–279 (2004)
Google Scholar
[20]
Maddala D R, Hebert R J. Sliding wear behavior of Fe50−xCr15Mo14C15B6Erx (x = 0, 1, 2 at%) bulk metallic glass. Wear 294–295: 246–256 (2012)
Google Scholar
[21]
Liao Z L, Hua N B, Chen W Z, Huang Y T, Zhang T. Correlations between the wear resistance and properties of bulk metallic glasses. Intermetallics 93: 290–298 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Archard J F. Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces. J Appl Phys 24(8): 981–988 (1953)
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Wu H, Baker I, Liu Y, Wu X L, Munroe P R, Zhang J G. Tribological studies of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Intermetallics 35: 25–32 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Fu X Y, Kasai T, Falk M L, Rigney D A. Sliding behavior of metallic glass: Part I. Experimental investigations. Wear 250(1–12): 409–419 (2001)
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Wu K, Zheng L J, Zhang H. Research on high-Al Cu–Zr–Al–Y bulk metallic glass and its composites. J Alloys Compd 770: 1029–1037 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Andersen L M. Toughness of wear-resistant Cu–Zr-based bulk metallic glasses. Ph.D. Thesis. San Diego (USA): University of California, 2016.
[27]
Salehan R, Shahverdi H R, Miresmaeili R. Effects of annealing on the tribological behavior of Zr60Cu10Al15Ni15 bulk metallic glass. J Non-Cryst Solids 517: 127–136 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Kai W, Hsieh H H, Nieh T G, Kawamura Y. Oxidation behavior of a Zr–Cu–Al–Ni amorphous alloy in air at 300–425 ºC. Intermetallics 10(11–12): 1265–1270 (2002)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Ma H R, Bennewitz R. Nanoscale friction and growth of surface oxides on a metallic glass under electrochemical polarization. Tribol Int 158: 106925 (2021)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Kang S J, Rittgen K T, Kwan S G, Park H W, Bennewitz R, Caron A. Importance of surface oxide for the tribology of a Zr-based metallic glass. Friction 5(1): 115–122 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Caron A, Sharma P, Shluger A, Fecht H J, Louzguine-Luzguin D V, Inoue A. Effect of surface oxidation on the nm-scale wear behavior of a metallic glass. J Appl Phys 109(8): 083515 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Zhou Q, Han W C, Luo D W, Du Y, Xie J Y, Wang X Z, Zou Q G, Zhao X X, Wang H F, Beake B D. Mechanical and tribological properties of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glasses with dual-phase structure. Wear 474–475: 203880 (2021)
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Cornuault P H, Colas G, Lenain A, Daudin R, Gravier S. On the diversity of accommodation mechanisms in the tribology of Bulk Metallic Glasses. Tribol Int 141: 105957 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Lancaster J K. A review of the influence of environmental humidity and water on friction, lubrication and wear. Tribol Int 23(6): 371–389 (1990)
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Chen Z, He X, Xiao C, Kim S H. Effect of humidity on friction and wear—A critical review. Lubricants 6(3): 74 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Wu H, Baker I, Liu Y, Wu X L, Munroe P R. Effects of environment on the sliding tribological behaviors of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Intermetallics 25: 115–125 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Jones M R, Kustas A B, Lu P, Chandross M, Argibay N. Environment-dependent tribological properties of bulk metallic glasses. Tribol Lett 68(4): 123 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Czichos H, Becker S, Lexow J. Multilaboratory tribotesting: Results from the Versailles Advanced Materials and Standards programme on wear test methods. Wear 114(1): 109–130 (1987)
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Romanowicz P J, Szybiński B. Fatigue life assessment of rolling bearings made from AISI 52100 bearing steel. Materials 12(3): 371 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Madge D S. The control of relative humidity with aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide. Entomol Exp Appl 4(2): 143–147 (1961)
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Stokes R H, Robinson R A. Standard solutions for humidity control at 25 ℃. Ind Eng Chem 41(9): 2013 (1949)
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Ayerdi J J, Aginagalde A, Llavori I, Bonse J, Spaltmann D, Zabala A. Ball-on-flat linear reciprocating tests: Critical assessment of wear volume determination methods and suggested improvements for ASTM D7755 standard. Wear 470–471: 203620 (2021)
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Tam C Y, Shek C H, Wang W H. Oxidation behaviour of a Cu–Zr–Al bulk metallic glass. Rev Adv Mater Sci 18(2): 107–111 (2008)
Google Scholar
[44]
Nie X P, Yang X H, Chen L Y, Yeap K B, Zeng K Y, Li D, Pan J S, Wang X D, Cao Q P, Ding S Q, et al. The effect of oxidation on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of a Zr-based metallic glass. Corros Sci 53(11): 3557–3565 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]
Kilo M, Hund M, Sauer G, Baiker A, Wokaun A. Reaction induced surface segregation in amorphous CuZr, NiZr and PdZr alloys—An XPS and SIMS depth profiling study. J Alloys Compd 236(1–2): 137–150 (1996)
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]
Kimura H M, Asami K, Inoue A, Masumoto T. The oxidation of amorphous Zr-base binary alloys in air. Corros Sci 35(5–8): 909–915 (1993)
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]
Hawn D D, DeKoven B M. Deconvolution as a correction for photoelectron inelastic energy losses in the core level XPS spectra of iron oxides. Surf Interface Anal 10(2–3): 63–74 (1987)
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]
Prakash B, Hiratsuka K. Sliding wear behaviour of some Fe-, Co- and Ni-based metallic glasses during rubbing against bearing steel. Tribol Lett 8(2–3): 153–160 (2000)
Google Scholar
[49]
Leheup E R, Pendlebury R E. Unlubricated reciprocating wear of stainless steel with an interfacial air flow. Wear 142(2): 351–372 (1991)
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]
De Baets P, Kalacska G, Strijckmans K, van de Velde F, van Peteghem A P. Experimental study by means of thin layer activation of the humidity influence on the fretting wear of steel surfaces. Wear 216(2): 131–137 (1998)
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]
Yamamoto S, Kendelewicz T, Newberg J T, Ketteler G, Starr D E, Mysak E R, Andersson K J, Ogasawara H, Bluhm H, Salmeron M, et al. Water adsorption on α-Fe2O3(0001) at near ambient conditions. J Phys Chem C 114(5): 2256–2266 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[52]
Bhowmik S, Naik R. Selection of abrasive materials for manufacturing grinding wheels. Mater Today Proc 5(1): 2860–2864 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[53]
Klaffke D. On the repeatability of friction and wear results and on the influence of humidity in oscillating sliding tests of steel-steel pairings. Wear 189(1–2): 117–121 (1995)
Crossref Google Scholar
[54]
Oh H K, Yeon K H, Kim H Y. The influence of atmospheric humidity on the friction and wear of carbon steels. J Mater Process Technol 95(1–3): 10–16 (1999)
Crossref Google Scholar
Friction
Volume 11 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 785-800
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0680-z
Cite this article:
BARLEMONT S, LAFFONT P, DAUDIN R, et al. Strong dependency of the tribological behavior of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses on relative humidity in ambient air. Friction, 2023, 11(5): 785-800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0680-z

1088

Views

35

Downloads

5

Crossref

7

Web of Science

7

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 28 February 2022
Revised: 05 July 2022
Accepted: 03 August 2022
Published: 06 January 2023
© The author(s) 2022.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return