Journal Home > Volume 9 , Issue 6

In the glass molding process, the sticking reaction and fatigue wear between the glass and mold hinder the service life and functional application of the mold at the elevated temperature. To improve the chemical inertness and anti-friction properties of the mold, an amorphous carbon coating was synthesized on the tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-8Co) substrate by magnetron sputtering. The friction behavior between the glass and carbon coating has a significant influence on the functional protection and service life of the mold. Therefore, the glass ring compression tests were conducted to measure the friction coefficient and friction force of the contact interface between the glass and amorphous carbon coating at the high temperature. Meanwhile, the detailed characterization of the amorphous carbon coating was performed to study the microstructure evolution and surface topography of the amorphous carbon coating during glass molding process by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ramon spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the amorphous carbon coating exhibited excellent thermal stability, but weak shear friction strength. The friction coefficient between the glass and coating depended on the temperature. Besides, the service life of the coating was governed by the friction force of the contact interface, processing conditions, and composition diffusion. This work provides a better understanding of the application of carbon coatings in the glass molding.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

High-temperature friction behavior of amorphous carbon coating in glass molding process

Show Author's information Kangsen LI1Gang XU1Xiaobin WEN2Jun ZHOU2Feng GONG1( )
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Shenzhen Kingmag Precision Techonology Co. LTD., Shenzhen 518172, China

Abstract

In the glass molding process, the sticking reaction and fatigue wear between the glass and mold hinder the service life and functional application of the mold at the elevated temperature. To improve the chemical inertness and anti-friction properties of the mold, an amorphous carbon coating was synthesized on the tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-8Co) substrate by magnetron sputtering. The friction behavior between the glass and carbon coating has a significant influence on the functional protection and service life of the mold. Therefore, the glass ring compression tests were conducted to measure the friction coefficient and friction force of the contact interface between the glass and amorphous carbon coating at the high temperature. Meanwhile, the detailed characterization of the amorphous carbon coating was performed to study the microstructure evolution and surface topography of the amorphous carbon coating during glass molding process by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ramon spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the amorphous carbon coating exhibited excellent thermal stability, but weak shear friction strength. The friction coefficient between the glass and coating depended on the temperature. Besides, the service life of the coating was governed by the friction force of the contact interface, processing conditions, and composition diffusion. This work provides a better understanding of the application of carbon coatings in the glass molding.

Keywords: high temperature, glass molding process, friction behavior, amorphous carbon coating

References(27)

[1]
Chrostowski L. Optical gratings: Nano-engineered lenses. Nat Photonics 4: 413–415(2010)
[2]
Ji S, Song K, Nguyen T B, Kim, Lim H. Optimal Moth Eye Nanostructure Array on Transparent Glass Towards Broadband Antireflection. Acs Appl Mater Inter 5(21): 10731–10737(2013)
[3]
Khorasaninejad M, Chen W T, Devlin R C, Oh J, Zhu A Y, Capasso F. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: Diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging. Science 352: 1190–1194(2016)
[4]
Li K S, Xu G, Huang X F, Xie Z W, Gong F. Temperature effect on the deformation and optical quality of moulded glass lenses in precision glass moulding. Int J Appl Glass Sci 11: 185–194(2019)
[5]
Chen Y I, Lin J H, Chou C C. Oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of Ta–Al–N coatings. Surf Coat Tech 303: 41–47(2016)
[6]
Chen Y, Cheng Y, Chang L, Lee J. Chemical inertness of Cr–W–N coatings in glass molding. Thin Solid Films 593: 102–109(2015)
[7]
Lee S H, Ko I H, Kim T Y. Surface failure analysis of AlCrN coating on WC substrate subjected to high-temperature oxidation in glass-molding machine. Appl Surf Sci 405: 210–216(2018)
[8]
Friedrichs M, Peng Z, Grunwald T, Rohwerder M, Gault B, Bergs T. PtIr protective coating system for precision glass molding tools: design, evaluation and mechanism of degradation. Surf Coat Tech 385: 125378 (2020)
[9]
Zhou T, Yan J, Liang Z, Wang X, Kobayashi R, Kuriyagawa T. Development of polycrystalline Ni–P mold by heat treatment for glass microgroove forming. Precis Eng 39: 25–30(2015)
[10]
He P, Li L, Yu J, Huang W, Yen Y C, Lee L J, Yi A Y. Graphene-coated Si mold for precision glass optics molding. Opt Lett 38(14): 2625–2628(2013)
[11]
Huang X F, Xie Z W, Li K S, Chen Q, Gong F, Chen Y J, Feng B. Microstructure, wear and oxidation resistance of CrWN glass molding coatings synthesized by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. Vacuum 174: 109206 (2020)
[12]
Li K S, Xu G, Huang X F, Chen Q, Xie Z W, Gong F. Surface evolution analysis of CrxWyNz coatings on WC mold in glass molding process. Surf Coat Tech 393: 125839 (2020)
[13]
Robertson J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Mater Sci Eng R 37: 129 (2002)
[14]
Huang M, Zhang X, Ke P, Wang A. Graphite-like carbon films by high power impulse magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci 283: 321–326(2013)
[15]
Brand J, Gadow R, Killinger A. Application of diamond-like carbon coatings on steel tools in the production of precision glass components. Surf Coat Tech 180(2): 213–217(2004)
[16]
Balandin A A. Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials. Nat Mater 10(8): 569–581(2011)
[17]
Diao D F, Wang C, Fan X. Frictional behavior of nanostructured carbon films. Friction 1(1): 63–71(2013)
[18]
Ananthasayanam B, Joshi D, Stairiker M, Tardiff M, Richardson K C, Joseph P F. High temperature friction characterization for viscoelastic glass contacting a mold. J Non-Cryst Solids 385: 100–110(2014)
[19]
Sarhadi A, Hattel J H, Hansen H N. Evaluation of the viscoelastic behaviour and glass/mould interface friction coefficient in the wafer based precision glass moulding. J Mater Process Tech 214(7): 1427–1435(2014)
[20]
Williams D, Landel R F, Ferry J D. The temperature dependance of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass form liquids. J Am Chem Soc 77(14): 3701–3707(1955)
[21]
Narayanaswamy O S, Narayanaswamy O S. A Model of Structural Relaxation in Glass. J Am Ceram Soc 54(10): 491–498(1971)
[22]
Jain A, Firestone G C, Yi A Y. Viscosity Measurement by Cylindrical Compression for Numerical Modeling of Precision Lens Molding Process. J Am Ceram Soc 88(9): 2409–2414(2005)
[23]
Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys Rev B 61(20): 14095–14107(2000)
[24]
Chu P K, Li M. Characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline carbon films. Mater Chem Phys 96(2–3): 253–277(2006)
[25]
Robertson, J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Mater Sci Eng R 37: 129–281(2002)
[26]
Wang X, Bao Z X, Zhang Y L, Li F Y, Yu R C, Jin C Q. High pressure effect on structural and electrical properties of glassy carbon. J Appl Phys 93(4): 1991–1994(2003)
[27]
Li K, Xu G, Huang X, Xie Z, Gong F. Manufacturing of micro-lens array using contactless micro-embossing with an EDM-mold. Appl Sci 9(1): 85–97(2019)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 12 June 2020
Revised: 15 July 2020
Accepted: 10 September 2020
Published: 15 November 2020
Issue date: December 2021

Copyright

© The author(s) 2020

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030313466) and the assistance on the observation received from the Electron Microscope Center of the Shenzhen University.

Rights and permissions

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or for-mat, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return