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Friction 2021, 9(2): 401-414 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0406-z
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 02 October 2020

Influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on friction coefficients of a wet clutch in the running-in stage

Show Author's Information Leonardo Israel FARFAN-CABRERA1( ),  Ezequiel Alberto GALLARDO-HERNÁNDEZ2,  Manuel VITE-TORRES2,  Jesús Gilberto GODÍNEZ-SALCEDO3
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, México
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Grupo de Tribología, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, México
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, IPN, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, México
Keywords:
friction, oil oxidation, wet clutch, automatic transmission fluid (ATF)
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FARFAN-CABRERA LI, GALLARDO-HERNÁNDEZ EA, VITE-TORRES M, et al. Influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on friction coefficients of a wet clutch in the running-in stage. Friction, 2021, 9(2): 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0406-z
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Abstract Full text About this article

In this paper, the influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on the friction coefficients of a wet clutch in approached running-in conditions was investigated. The ATFs were oxidized by a laboratory process approaching oxidation occurred in actual ATFs. Oxidation was evaluated by means of increase in carbonyl compounds and depletion of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) additives. Also, the changes in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were evaluated. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to replicate the actual sliding contact in a wet clutch. The pin specimens were cut from friction material composite plates and the disks were actual steel separators both from an automotive wet clutch. Friction coefficient, μ, was measured at progressive sliding velocity, ν, to obtain μ-ν curves at 26 and 100 °C. Three μ-ν tests were consecutively run using the same pair of specimens and oil. The cumulative sliding distance for each μ-ν test generated surface flattening using the oils. The friction coefficients of the wet clutch increased due to the ATFs oxidation meanwhile the dμ/dv values decreased in most cases. It suggests that ATF oxidation can enhance torque capacity of the wet clutch, but it could reduce anti-shudder property. Progressive sliding distance improved the slopes in the μ-ν results using fresh ATFs meanwhile it generated a slope decrease by using aged ATFs.


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About this article

Influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on friction coefficients of a wet clutch in the running-in stage

Show Author's information Leonardo Israel FARFAN-CABRERA1( ), Ezequiel Alberto GALLARDO-HERNÁNDEZ2, Manuel VITE-TORRES2, Jesús Gilberto GODÍNEZ-SALCEDO3
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, México
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Grupo de Tribología, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, México
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, IPN, Col. Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, México

Abstract

In this paper, the influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on the friction coefficients of a wet clutch in approached running-in conditions was investigated. The ATFs were oxidized by a laboratory process approaching oxidation occurred in actual ATFs. Oxidation was evaluated by means of increase in carbonyl compounds and depletion of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) additives. Also, the changes in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were evaluated. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to replicate the actual sliding contact in a wet clutch. The pin specimens were cut from friction material composite plates and the disks were actual steel separators both from an automotive wet clutch. Friction coefficient, μ, was measured at progressive sliding velocity, ν, to obtain μ-ν curves at 26 and 100 °C. Three μ-ν tests were consecutively run using the same pair of specimens and oil. The cumulative sliding distance for each μ-ν test generated surface flattening using the oils. The friction coefficients of the wet clutch increased due to the ATFs oxidation meanwhile the dμ/dv values decreased in most cases. It suggests that ATF oxidation can enhance torque capacity of the wet clutch, but it could reduce anti-shudder property. Progressive sliding distance improved the slopes in the μ-ν results using fresh ATFs meanwhile it generated a slope decrease by using aged ATFs.

Keywords: friction, oil oxidation, wet clutch, automatic transmission fluid (ATF)

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 15 January 2019
Revised: 06 July 2019
Accepted: 18 May 2020
Published: 02 October 2020
Issue date: April 2021

Copyright

© The author(s) 2020

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge to CNMN-IPN for the support in the spectroscopic analyses of our oil samples. We also thank to "Laboratorio de Reología y Física de la Materia Blanda" from ESFM-Instituto Politécnico Nacional for the assistance and equipment support for the viscosity measurements of our oil samples.

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