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Friction 2021, 9(3): 488-501 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0350-y
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 05 June 2020

How the fluorographene replaced graphene as nanoadditive for improving tribological performances of GTL-8 based lubricant oil

Show Author's Information Xiaojing CI1,2,  Wenjie ZHAO1( ),  Jun LUO2,  Yangmin WU1,  Tianhao GE1,2,  Qunji XUE1,  Xiulei GAO3,  Zhiwen FANG3
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
School of Materials and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
Engineering Technology Research Center of Fluorocarbon Materials, Shandong Zhongshan Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd., Zibo 255138, China
Keywords:
friction, wear, tribofilm, lubricating oil, reduced graphene oxide, fluorographene
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CI X, ZHAO W, LUO J, et al. How the fluorographene replaced graphene as nanoadditive for improving tribological performances of GTL-8 based lubricant oil. Friction, 2021, 9(3): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0350-y
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Fluorographene, a new alternative to graphene, it not only inherits the 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure and outstanding mechanical properties, but also possesses controllable C-F bonds. It is meaningful to reveal the evolution processes of the tribological behaviors from graphene to fluorographene. In this work, fluorinated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (F-rGO) with different degree of fluorination were prepared using direct gas-fluorination and they were added into gas to liquid-8 (GTL-8) base oil as lubricant additive to improve the tribological performance. According to the results, the coefficient of friction (COF) reduced by 21%, notably, the wear rate reduced by 87% with the addition of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (HF-rGO) compared with rGO. It was confirmed that more covalent C-F bonds which improved the chemical stability of HF-rGO resisted the detachment of fluorine so the HF-rGO nanosheets showed less damage, as demonstrated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the ionic liquid (IL) adsorbed on HF-rGO successfully improved the dispersibility of F-rGO in GTL-8 base oil. The investigation of tribofilm by TEM and focused ion beam (FIB) illustrated that IL displayed a synergy to participate in the tribochemical reaction and increased the thickness of tribofilm during the friction process.


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About this article

How the fluorographene replaced graphene as nanoadditive for improving tribological performances of GTL-8 based lubricant oil

Show Author's information Xiaojing CI1,2, Wenjie ZHAO1( ), Jun LUO2, Yangmin WU1, Tianhao GE1,2, Qunji XUE1, Xiulei GAO3, Zhiwen FANG3
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
School of Materials and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
Engineering Technology Research Center of Fluorocarbon Materials, Shandong Zhongshan Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd., Zibo 255138, China

Abstract

Fluorographene, a new alternative to graphene, it not only inherits the 2-dimensional (2D) layered structure and outstanding mechanical properties, but also possesses controllable C-F bonds. It is meaningful to reveal the evolution processes of the tribological behaviors from graphene to fluorographene. In this work, fluorinated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (F-rGO) with different degree of fluorination were prepared using direct gas-fluorination and they were added into gas to liquid-8 (GTL-8) base oil as lubricant additive to improve the tribological performance. According to the results, the coefficient of friction (COF) reduced by 21%, notably, the wear rate reduced by 87% with the addition of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (HF-rGO) compared with rGO. It was confirmed that more covalent C-F bonds which improved the chemical stability of HF-rGO resisted the detachment of fluorine so the HF-rGO nanosheets showed less damage, as demonstrated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the ionic liquid (IL) adsorbed on HF-rGO successfully improved the dispersibility of F-rGO in GTL-8 base oil. The investigation of tribofilm by TEM and focused ion beam (FIB) illustrated that IL displayed a synergy to participate in the tribochemical reaction and increased the thickness of tribofilm during the friction process.

Keywords: friction, wear, tribofilm, lubricating oil, reduced graphene oxide, fluorographene

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Publication history

Received: 19 August 2019
Revised: 28 October 2019
Accepted: 05 December 2019
Published: 05 June 2020
Issue date: June 2021

Copyright

© The author(s) 2019

Acknowledgements

We express our great thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51775540), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-JSC009), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (2017338).

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