Journal Home > Volume 8 , Issue 3

Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar materials have unique molecular structures and mechanical properties, among which molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different interaction forces served as reinforcing phase for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites in the present study. Thermal stability, tribological and thermomechanical properties of composites were comprehensively investigated. It was demonstrated that g-C3N4 improved elastic deformation resistance and thermal degradation characteristics. The addition of g-C3N4 significantly enhanced anti-wear performance under different loads and speeds. The results indicated that PTFE composites reinforced by g-C3N4 were provided with better properties because the bonding strength of g-C3N4 derived from hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) was stronger than that of MoS2 with van der Waals force. Consequently, g-C3N4 exhibited better thermomechanical and tribological properties. The result of this work is expected to provide a new kind of functional filler for enhancing the tribological properties of polymer composites.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

The effect of different layered materials on the tribological properties of PTFE composites

Show Author's information Song LI1,2Chunjian DUAN1,2Xiao LI1,2Mingchao SHAO1,2Chunhui QU1,2Di ZHANG1Qihua WANG1( )Tingmei WANG1Xinrui ZHANG1( )
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar materials have unique molecular structures and mechanical properties, among which molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with different interaction forces served as reinforcing phase for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites in the present study. Thermal stability, tribological and thermomechanical properties of composites were comprehensively investigated. It was demonstrated that g-C3N4 improved elastic deformation resistance and thermal degradation characteristics. The addition of g-C3N4 significantly enhanced anti-wear performance under different loads and speeds. The results indicated that PTFE composites reinforced by g-C3N4 were provided with better properties because the bonding strength of g-C3N4 derived from hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) was stronger than that of MoS2 with van der Waals force. Consequently, g-C3N4 exhibited better thermomechanical and tribological properties. The result of this work is expected to provide a new kind of functional filler for enhancing the tribological properties of polymer composites.

Keywords: wear resistance, graphitic carbon nitride, lamellar materials, hydrogen bonds

References(55)

[1]
G Zhao, I Hussainova, M Antonov, Q Wang, T Wang. Friction and wear of fiber reinforced polyimide composites. Wear 301: 122-129 (2013)
[2]
N Myshkin, A Kovalev. Adhesion and surface forces in polymer tribology—A review. Friction 6: 143-55 (2018)
[3]
Z Wang, J Ni, D Gao. Combined effect of the use of carbon fiber and seawater and the molecular structure on the tribological behavior of polymer materials. Friction 6: 183-194 (2018)
[4]
Y Shi, X Feng, H Wang, C Liu, X Lu. Effects of filler crystal structure and shape on the tribological properties of PTFE composites. Tribol Int 40: 1195-1203 (2007)
[5]
D L Burris, W G Sawyer. Improved wear resistance in alumina-PTFE nanocomposites with irregular shaped nanoparticles. Wear 260: 915-918 (2006)
[6]
J Khedkar, I Negulescu, E I Meletis. Sliding wear behavior of PTFE composites. Wear 252: 361-369 (2002)
[7]
Y Shi, X Feng, H Wang, X Lu. The effect of surface modification on the friction and wear behavior of carbon nanofiber-filled PTFE composites. Wear 264: 934-939 (2008)
[8]
S Bahadur, V Polineni. Tribological studies of glass fabric- reinforced polyamide composites filled with CuO and PTFE. Wear 200: 95-104 (1996)
[9]
W G Sawyer, K D Freudenberg, P Bhimaraj, L S Schadler. A study on the friction and wear behavior of PTFE filled with alumina nanoparticles. Wear 254: 573-580 (2003)
[10]
Q Wang, Y Wang, H Wang, N Fan, M Wang, H Liu, et al. Comparative study of the effects of nano-sized and micro-sized CF and PTFE on the thermal and tribological properties of PEEK composites. Polym Adv Technol 29: 896-905 (2018)
[11]
D L Burris, W G Sawyer. Improved wear resistance in alumina-PTFE nanocomposites with irregular shaped nanoparticles. Wear 260: 915-918 (2006)
[12]
M Conte, A Igartua. Study of PTFE composites tribological behavior. Wear 296: 568-574 (2012)
[13]
F Li, K-A Hu, J-L Li, B-Y Zhao. The friction and wear characteristics of nanometer ZnO filled polytetrafluoroethylene. Wear 249: 877-882 (2001)
[14]
J Ye, H Khare, D Burris. Transfer film evolution and its role in promoting ultra-low wear of a PTFE nanocomposite. Wear 297: 1095-1102 (2013)
[15]
Y Fan, Q J Ding, Z Y Yao. Properties of potassium titanate whisker reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene-based friction materials of ultrasonic motors. J Appl Polym Sci 125: 3313-3317 (2012)
[16]
F Song, Q Wang, T Wang. Effects of glass fiber and molybdenum disulfide on tribological behaviors and PV limit of chopped carbon fiber reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene composites. Tribol Int 104: 392-401 (2016)
[17]
J Qu, Y Zhang, X Tian, J Li. Wear behavior of filled polymers for ultrasonic motor in vacuum environments. Wear 322: 108-116 (2015)
[18]
J C Spear, B W Ewers, J D Batteas. 2D-nanomaterials for controlling friction and wear at interfaces. Nano Today 10: 301-314 (2015)
[19]
I Leven, T Maaravi, I Azuri, L Kronik, O Hod. Interlayer Potential for Graphene/h-BN Heterostructures. J Chem Theory Comput 12: 2896-2905 (2016)
[20]
H Xiao, S Liu. 2D nanomaterials as lubricant additive: A review. Mater Design 135: 319-332 (2017)
[21]
W Jiang, W Luo, J Wang, M Zhang, Y Zhu. Enhancement of catalytic activity and oxidative ability for graphitic carbon nitride. J Photoch Photobio C 28: 87-115 (2016)
[22]
L Zhang, H Qi, G Li, D Wang, T Wang, Q Wang, G Zhang. Significantly enhanced wear resistance of PEEK by simply filling with modified graphitic carbon nitride. Mater Design 129: 192-200 (2017)
[23]
M Groenewolt, M Antonietti. Synthesis of g-C3N4 nanoparticles in mesoporous silica host matrices. Adv Mater 17: 1789-1792 (2005)
[24]
P Niu, L Zhang, G Liu, H M Cheng. Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic activities. Adv Funct Mater 22: 4763-4770 (2012)
[25]
P Cai, T Wang, Q Wang. Formulation optimization of friction material with golden section approach. Tribol T 59: 28-32 (2015)
[26]
S Li, M Shao, C Duan, Y Yan, Q Wang, T Wang, T Wang, X Zhang. Tribological behavior prediction of friction materials for ultrasonic motors using Monte Carlo-based artificial neural network. J Appl Polym Sci 47157 (2018)
[27]
L Zhu, Y Wang, F Hu, H Song. Structural and friction characteristics of g-C3N4/PVDF composites. Appl Surf Sci 345: 349-354 (2015)
[28]
V Pettarin, M J Churruca, D Felhös, J Karger-Kocsis, P M Frontini. Changes in tribological performance of high molecular weight high density polyethylene induced by the addition of molybdenum disulphide particles. Wear 269: 31-45 (2010)
[29]
S Yan, Z Li, Z Zou. Photodegradation performance of g-C3N4 fabricated by directly heating melamine. Langmuir 25: 10397-10401 (2009)
[30]
H Wang, A Kojtari, X Xu, H-F Ji. Self-Assembled Microwires of Terephthalic Acid and Melamine. Crystals 7: 236 (2017)
[31]
P R Bowden, P W Leonard, J P Lichthardt, B C Tappan, K J Ramos. Energetic salt of trinitrophloroglucinol and melamine. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 040014.
DOI
[32]
L Zhu, L You, Z Shi, H Song, S Li. An investigation on the graphitic carbon nitride reinforced polyimide composite and evaluation of its tribological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 134: 45403 (2017)
[33]
J Yng, H Zhang, B Chen, H Tang, C Li, Z Zhang. Fabrication of the g-C3N4/Cu nanocomposite and its potential for lubrication applications. RSC Adv 5: 64254-60 (2015)
[34]
L Ge, C Han. Synthesis of MWNTs/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts with efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Appl Catal B: Environ 117: 268-274 (2012)
[35]
W Liu, M Wang, C Xu, S Chen. Facile synthesis of g-C3N4/ ZnO composite with enhanced visible light photooxidation and photoreduction properties. Chem Eng J 209: 386-393 (2012)
[36]
X L Wang, W Q Fang, H F Wang, H Zhang, H Zhao, Y Yao, et al. Surface hydrogen bonding can enhance photocatalytic H2 evolution efficiency. J Mater Chem A 1: 14089-14096 (2013)
[37]
H Unal, A Mimaroglu, U Kadıoglu, H Ekiz. Sliding friction and wear behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene and its composites under dry conditions. Mater Design 25: 239-245 (2004)
[38]
P Cai, Z Li, T Wang, Q Wang. Effect of aspect ratios of aramid fiber on mechanical and tribological behaviors of friction materials. Tribol Int 92: 109-116 (2015)
[39]
B H Stuart. Surface plasticisation of poly(ether ether ketone) by chloroform. Polym Test 16: 49-57 (1997)
[40]
P Cai, Y Wang, T Wang, Q Wang. Improving tribological behaviors of friction material by mullite. Tribol Int 93: 282-288 (2016)
[41]
F-H Su, Z-Z Zhang, F Guo, K Wang, W-M Liu. Effects of solid lubricants on friction and wear properties of Nomex fabric composites. Mater Sci Eng A 424: 333-339 (2006)
[42]
H-J Zhang, Z-Z Zhang, F Guo. Studies of the Influence of Graphite and MoS2 on the Tribological Behaviors of Hybrid PTFE/Nomex Fabric Composite. Tribol T 54: 417-423 (2011)
[43]
X Li, Y Gao, J Xing, Y Wang, L Fang. Wear reduction mechanism of graphite and MoS2 in epoxy composites. Wear 257: 279-283 (2004)
[44]
G Zhao, T Wang, Q Wang. Surface modification of carbon fiber and its effects on the mechanical and tribological properties of the polyurethane composites. Polym Compos 32: 1726-1733 (2011)
[45]
C Duan, D Yuan, Z Yang, S Li, L Tao, Q Wang, T Wang. High wear-resistant performance of thermosetting polyimide reinforced by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under high temperature. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 113: 200-208 (2018)
[46]
Q Wang, H Wang, N Fan, Y Wang, F Yan. Combined effect of fibers and PTFE nanoparticles on improving the fretting wear resistance of UHMWPE-matrix composites. Polym Adv Technol 27: 642-650 (2016)
[47]
M Eriksson, F Bergman, S Jacobson. On the nature of tribological contact in automotive brakes. Wear 252: 26-36 (2002)
[48]
H Qi, G Li, G Zhang, T Wang, Q Wang. Impact of counterpart materials and nanoparticles on the transfer film structures of polyimide composites. Mater Design 109: 367-377 (2016)
[49]
H-J Zhang, Z-Z Zhang, F Guo. Studies of the influence of graphite and MoS2 on the tribological behaviors of hybrid PTFE/Nomex fabric composite. Tribol T 54: 417-423 (2011)
[50]
N Turner, A Single. Determination of peak positions and areas from wide-scan XPS spectra. Surf Interface Anal 15: 215-222 (1990)
[51]
P Cai, T Wang, Q Wang. Effect of several solid lubricants on the mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin- based composites. Polym Compos 36: 2203-2211 (2015)
[52]
K Wong, X Lu, J Cotter, D Eadie, P Wong, K Mitchell. Surface and friction characterization of MoS2 and WS2 third body thin films under simulated wheel/rail rolling-sliding contact. Wear 264: 526-534 (2008)
[53]
J Gao, S Mao, J Liu, D Feng. Tribochemical effects of some polymers/stainless steel. Wear 212: 238-243 (1997)
[54]
G Jintang. Tribochemical effects in formation of polymer transfer film. Wear 245: 100-106 (2000)
[55]
K L Harris, A A Pitenis, W G Sawyer, B A Krick, G S Blackman, D J Kasprzak, C P Junk. PTFE tribology and the role of mechanochemistry in the development of protective surface films. Macromolecules 48: 3739-3745 (2015)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 26 October 2018
Revised: 19 December 2018
Accepted: 09 January 2019
Published: 17 April 2019
Issue date: June 2020

Copyright

© The author(s) 2019

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the financial support from National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2015CB057502), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2018457), and National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFF0101000). This research was also partially supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH056) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51673205).

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return