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Friction 2019, 7(6): 603-612 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0246-2
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 06 November 2019

Drag-reduction of 3D printed shark-skin-like surfaces

Show Author's Information Wei DAI1,  Masfer ALKAHTANI2,3,  Philip R. HEMMER2,4,  Hong LIANG1( )
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Informatics, KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Keywords:
3D printing, textured surface, drag reduction, shark skin, nitrogen vacancy
Cite this article:
DAI W, ALKAHTANI M, HEMMER PR, et al. Drag-reduction of 3D printed shark-skin-like surfaces. Friction, 2019, 7(6): 603-612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0246-2
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Abstract Full text About this article

The marvels of the slippery and clean sharkskin have inspired the development of many clinical and engineering products, although the mechanisms of interfacial interaction between the sharkskin and water have yet to be fully understood. In the present research, a methodology was developed to evaluate morphological parameters and to enable studying the effects of scale orientation on the fluidic behavior of water. The scale orientation of a shark skin was defined as the angle between the ridges and fluid flow direction. Textured surfaces with a series orientation of scales were designed and fabricated using 3D printing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The fluid drag performance was evaluated using a rheometer. Results showed that the shark-skin-like surface with 90 degree orientation of scales exhibited the lowest viscosity drag. Its maximum viscosity reduction was 9%. A viscosity map was constructed based on the principals of fluid dynamic. It revealed that the drag reduction effect of a shark-skin-like surface was attributed to the low velocity gradient. This was further proven using diamond nitrogen-vacancy sensing where florescent diamond particles were distributed evenly when the velocity gradient was at the lowest. This understanding could be used as guidance for future surface design.


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About this article

Drag-reduction of 3D printed shark-skin-like surfaces

Show Author's information Wei DAI1, Masfer ALKAHTANI2,3, Philip R. HEMMER2,4, Hong LIANG1( )
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Informatics, KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract

The marvels of the slippery and clean sharkskin have inspired the development of many clinical and engineering products, although the mechanisms of interfacial interaction between the sharkskin and water have yet to be fully understood. In the present research, a methodology was developed to evaluate morphological parameters and to enable studying the effects of scale orientation on the fluidic behavior of water. The scale orientation of a shark skin was defined as the angle between the ridges and fluid flow direction. Textured surfaces with a series orientation of scales were designed and fabricated using 3D printing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The fluid drag performance was evaluated using a rheometer. Results showed that the shark-skin-like surface with 90 degree orientation of scales exhibited the lowest viscosity drag. Its maximum viscosity reduction was 9%. A viscosity map was constructed based on the principals of fluid dynamic. It revealed that the drag reduction effect of a shark-skin-like surface was attributed to the low velocity gradient. This was further proven using diamond nitrogen-vacancy sensing where florescent diamond particles were distributed evenly when the velocity gradient was at the lowest. This understanding could be used as guidance for future surface design.

Keywords: 3D printing, textured surface, drag reduction, shark skin, nitrogen vacancy

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Publication history

Received: 18 October 2017
Revised: 05 February 2018
Accepted: 07 September 2018
Published: 06 November 2019
Issue date: December 2019

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© The author(s) 2018

Acknowledgements

Part of this research was sponsored by the Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas A&M Engineering.

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This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

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