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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021, 10(6): 1153-1193 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0516-8
Review | Open Access | Issue | Published: 12 November 2021

Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors

Show Author's Information Peiyao ZHAOa,  Ziming CAIb,  Longwen WUc,  Chaoqiong ZHUa,  Longtu LIa,  Xiaohui WANGa( )
State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Material Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Keywords:
energy storage, multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), lead-free dielectric ceramics, high power density
Cite this article:
ZHAO P, CAI Z, WU L, et al. Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2021, 10(6): 1153-1193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0516-8
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Abstract Full text About this article

The growing demand for high-power-density electric and electronic systems has encouraged the development of energy-storage capacitors with attributes such as high energy density, high capacitance density, high voltage and frequency, low weight, high-temperature operability, and environmental friendliness. Compared with their electrolytic and film counterparts, energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) stand out for their extremely low equivalent series resistance and equivalent series inductance, high current handling capability, and high-temperature stability. These characteristics are important for applications including fast-switching third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductors in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, and smart grids. There have been numerous reports on state-of-the-art MLCC energy-storage solutions. However, lead-free capacitors generally have a low-energy density, and high-energy density capacitors frequently contain lead, which is a key issue that hinders their broad application. In this review, we present perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage MLCCs. Initially, the energy-storage mechanism and device characterization are introduced; then, dielectric ceramics for energy-storage applications with aspects of composition and structural optimization are summarized. Progress on state-of-the-art energy-storage MLCCs is discussed after elaboration of the fabrication process and structural design of the electrode. Emerging applications of energy-storage MLCCs are then discussed in terms of advanced pulsed power sources and high-density power converters from a theoretical and technological point of view. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for industrialization of lab-scale lead-free energy-storage MLCCs are discussed.


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About this article

Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors

Show Author's information Peiyao ZHAOa, Ziming CAIb, Longwen WUc, Chaoqiong ZHUa, Longtu LIa, Xiaohui WANGa( )
State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Material Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Abstract

The growing demand for high-power-density electric and electronic systems has encouraged the development of energy-storage capacitors with attributes such as high energy density, high capacitance density, high voltage and frequency, low weight, high-temperature operability, and environmental friendliness. Compared with their electrolytic and film counterparts, energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) stand out for their extremely low equivalent series resistance and equivalent series inductance, high current handling capability, and high-temperature stability. These characteristics are important for applications including fast-switching third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductors in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, and smart grids. There have been numerous reports on state-of-the-art MLCC energy-storage solutions. However, lead-free capacitors generally have a low-energy density, and high-energy density capacitors frequently contain lead, which is a key issue that hinders their broad application. In this review, we present perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage MLCCs. Initially, the energy-storage mechanism and device characterization are introduced; then, dielectric ceramics for energy-storage applications with aspects of composition and structural optimization are summarized. Progress on state-of-the-art energy-storage MLCCs is discussed after elaboration of the fabrication process and structural design of the electrode. Emerging applications of energy-storage MLCCs are then discussed in terms of advanced pulsed power sources and high-density power converters from a theoretical and technological point of view. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for industrialization of lab-scale lead-free energy-storage MLCCs are discussed.

Keywords: energy storage, multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), lead-free dielectric ceramics, high power density

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 01 July 2021
Accepted: 10 July 2021
Published: 12 November 2021
Issue date: December 2021

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2021

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFB0406302), Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B090912003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52002253), Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2021YFH0181), Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program, and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University (No. KFZD202002).

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