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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021, 10(5): 973-990 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0481-2
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 01 June 2021

Growth of single crystals in the (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Sr1-xCax)TiO3 system by solid state crystal growth

Show Author's Information Phan Gia LEa,  Huyen Tran TRANa,  Jong-Sook LEEa,  John G. FISHERa( ),  Hwang-Pill KIMb,  Wook JOb,  Won-Jin MOONc
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
Keywords:
microstructure, electrical properties, single crystal, (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3, lead-free piezoelectric
Cite this article:
LE PG, TRAN HT, LEE J-S, et al. Growth of single crystals in the (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Sr1-xCax)TiO3 system by solid state crystal growth. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2021, 10(5): 973-990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0481-2
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Abstract Full text About this article

Ceramics based on (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3 are promising candidates for actuator applications because of large strains generated by an electric field-induced phase transition. For example, the (1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xSrTiO3 system exhibits a morphotropic phase boundary at x = 0.2-0.3, leading to high values of inverse piezoelectric constant d*33, which can be further improved by the use of single crystals. In our previous work, single crystals of (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-SrTiO3 and (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3- CaTiO3 were grown by the solid state crystal growth technique. Growth in the (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-SrTiO3 system was sluggish whereas the (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-CaTiO3 single crystals grew well. In the present work, 0.8(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-0.2(Sr1-xCax)TiO3 single crystals (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were produced by the solid state crystal growth technique in an attempt to improve crystal growth rate. The dependence of mean matrix grain size, single crystal growth distance, and electrical properties on the Ca concentration was investigated in detail. These investigations indicated that at x = 0.3 the matrix grain growth was suppressed and the driving force for single crystal growth was enhanced. Replacing Sr with Ca increased the shoulder temperature Ts and temperature of maximum relative permittivity Tmax, causing a decrease in inverse piezoelectric properties and a change from normal to incipient ferroelectric behavior.


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About this article

Growth of single crystals in the (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Sr1-xCax)TiO3 system by solid state crystal growth

Show Author's information Phan Gia LEa, Huyen Tran TRANa, Jong-Sook LEEa, John G. FISHERa( ), Hwang-Pill KIMb, Wook JOb, Won-Jin MOONc
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Ceramics based on (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3 are promising candidates for actuator applications because of large strains generated by an electric field-induced phase transition. For example, the (1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xSrTiO3 system exhibits a morphotropic phase boundary at x = 0.2-0.3, leading to high values of inverse piezoelectric constant d*33, which can be further improved by the use of single crystals. In our previous work, single crystals of (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-SrTiO3 and (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3- CaTiO3 were grown by the solid state crystal growth technique. Growth in the (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-SrTiO3 system was sluggish whereas the (Na1/2B1/2)TiO3-CaTiO3 single crystals grew well. In the present work, 0.8(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-0.2(Sr1-xCax)TiO3 single crystals (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were produced by the solid state crystal growth technique in an attempt to improve crystal growth rate. The dependence of mean matrix grain size, single crystal growth distance, and electrical properties on the Ca concentration was investigated in detail. These investigations indicated that at x = 0.3 the matrix grain growth was suppressed and the driving force for single crystal growth was enhanced. Replacing Sr with Ca increased the shoulder temperature Ts and temperature of maximum relative permittivity Tmax, causing a decrease in inverse piezoelectric properties and a change from normal to incipient ferroelectric behavior.

Keywords: microstructure, electrical properties, single crystal, (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3, lead-free piezoelectric

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 13 January 2021
Revised: 07 April 2021
Accepted: 09 April 2021
Published: 01 June 2021
Issue date: October 2021

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© The Author(s) 2021

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education under Grant No. 2015R1D1A1A01057060. Jong-Sook Lee acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (Grant No. NRF-2018R1A5A1025224).

The authors would like to thank Kyeong-Kap Jeong (Chonnam Centre for Research Facilities, Chonnam National University) for operating the XRD and Hey- Jeong Kim (Centre for Development of Fine Chemicals, Chonnam National University) for operating the SEM.

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