AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
PDF (1.2 MB)
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films

O. CRISAN( )A. D. CRISAN
National Institute for Materials Physics, PO Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
Show Author Information

Abstract

Ceramic-metallic MAX phase of chromium aluminium carbide ternary compounds was successfully obtained through deposition by DC sputtering onto Si substrates. A study of the influence of substrate temperature and in-air post-annealing on the film crystallinity and oxidation was undertaken. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis (WDSX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for film characterization. It is shown that, at substrate temperature of about 450 ℃, as-deposited films are amorphous with small nanocrystals. Subsequent annealing in air at 700 ℃ leads to film crystallization and partial oxidation. WDSX spectroscopy shows that the films oxidise to a depth of around 120 nm, or 5% of total film thickness which amounts at around 2.68 µm. As a novelty, this demonstrates the possibility of in-air crystallization of Cr2AlC films without significant oxidation. Materials Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) software package for a full-profile analysis of the XRD patterns (Rietveld-type) was used to determine that, as a result of annealing, the average crystallite size changes from 7 to 34 nm, while microstrain decreases from 0.79% to 0.24%. A slight tendency of preferential growth along the (101¯0) direction has been observed. Such texturing of the microstructure has the potential of inducing beneficial anisotropic fracture behaviour in the coatings, potentially interesting for several industrial applications in load-bearing devices.

References

[1]
W Jeitschko, H Nowotny, F Benesovsky. Kohlenstoffhaltige ternäre Verbindungen (H-phase). Monatshefte für Chemie 1963, 94: 672676.
[2]
MW Barsoum, T El-Raghy. The MAX phases: Unique new carbide and nitride materials: Ternary ceramics turn out to be surprisingly soft and machinable, yet also heat-tolerant, strong and lightweight. Amer Sci 2001, 89: 334343.
[3]
P Eklund, M Beckers, U Jansson, et al. The Mn+1AXn phases: Materials science and thin-film processing. Thin Solid Films 2010, 518: 18511878.
[4]
J Wang, Y Zhou. Recent progress in theoretical prediction, preparation, and characterization of layered ternary transition-metal carbides. Annu Rev Mater Res 2009, 39: 415443.
[5]
ZJ Lin, YC Zhou, MS Li. Synthesis, microstructure, and property of Cr2AlC. J Mater Sci Technol 2007, 23: 721746.
[6]
JM Schneider, Z Sun, R Mertens, et al. Ab initio calculations and experimental determination of the structure of Cr2AlC. Solid State Commun 2004, 130: 445449.
[7]
R Mertens, Z Sun, D Music, et al. Effect of the composition on the structure of Cr–Al–C investigated by combinatorial thin film synthesis and ab initio calculations. Adv Eng Mater 2004, 6: 903907.
[8]
C Walter, DP Sigumonrong, T El-Raghy, et al. Towards large area deposition of Cr2AlC on steel. Thin Solid Films 2006, 515: 389393.
[9]
DV Shtansky, PV Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, AN Sheveyko, et al. Comparative investigation of TiAlC(N), TiCrAlC(N), and CrAlC(N) coatings deposited by sputtering of МАХ-phase Ti2−хCrхAlC targets. Surf Coat Technol 2009, 203: 35953609.
[10]
O Berger, C Leyens, S Heinze, et al. Characterization of Cr–Al–C and Cr–Al–C–Y films synthesized by high power impulse magnetron sputtering at a low deposition temperature. Thin Solid Films 2015, 580: 611.
[11]
M Naveed, A Obrosov, A Zak, et al. Sputtering power effects on growth and mechanical properties of Cr2AlC MAX phase coatings. Metals 2016, 6: 265.
[12]
A Obrosov, R Gulyaev, A Zak, et al. Chemical and morphological characterization of magnetron sputtered at different bias voltages Cr–Al–C coatings. Materials 2017, 10: 156.
[13]
JL Smialek, JA Nesbitt, TP Gabb, et al. Hot corrosion and low cycle fatigue of a Cr2AlC-coated superalloy. Mat Sci Eng A 2018, 711: 119129.
[14]
JL Smialek. Oxidation of Al2O3 scale-forming MAX Phases in turbine environments. Metall Mater Trans A 2018, 49: 782792.
[15]
Y Li, Y Qian, G Zhao, et al. Preparation of Nb2AlC coating by DC magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing. Ceram Int 2017, 43: 66226625.
[16]
R Su, H Zhang, DJ O’Connor, et al. Deposition and characterization of Ti2AlC MAX phase and Ti3AlC thin films by magnetron sputtering. Mater Lett 2016, 179: 194197.
[17]
Y Li, G Zhao, Y Qian, et al. Deposition of phase-pure Cr2AlC coating by DC magnetron sputtering and post annealing using Cr–Al–C targets with controlled elemental composition but different phase compositions. J Mater Sci Technol 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2017.01.029.
[18]
R Su, H Zhang, X Meng, et al. Synthesis of Cr2AlC thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fusion Eng Des 2017, 125: 562566
[19]
YT Chen, D Music, L Shang, et al. Nanometre-scale 3D defects in Cr2AlC thin films. Sci Rep 2017, 7: 984.
[20]
X Duan, L Shen, D Jia, et al. Synthesis of high-purity, isotropic or textured Cr2AlC bulk ceramics by spark plasma sintering of pressure-less sintered powders. J Eur Ceram Soc 2015, 35: 13931400.
[21]
JJ Li, LF Hu, FZ Li, et al. Variation of microstructure and composition of the Cr2AlC coating prepared by sputtering at 370 and 500 ℃. Surf Coat Technol 2010, 204: 38383845.
[22]
QM Wang, AF Renteria, O Schroeter, et al. Fabrication and oxidation behavior of Cr2AlC coating on Ti6242 alloy. Surf Coat Technol 2010, 204: 23432352.
[23]
O Crisan, K von Haeften, AM Ellis, et al. Structure and magnetic properties of Fe/Fe oxide clusters. J Nanopart Res 2008, 10: 193199.
[24]
O Crisan, JM Grenèche, JM Le Breton. Magnetism of nanocrystalline finemet alloy: Experiment and simulation. Eur Phys J B 2003, 34: 155162.
[25]
O Crisan, JM Le Breton, M Noguès, et al. Magnetism and phase structure of crystallized Sm–Fe–B melt spun ribbons. J Phys: Condens Matter 2002, 14: 1259912609.
[26]
O Crisan, Y Labaye, L Berger, et al. Exchange coupling effects in nanocrystalline alloys studied by Monte Carlo simulation. J Appl Phys 2002, 91: 87278729.
[27]
Seqqat M, Nogues M, Crisan O, et al. Magnetic properties of Fe100−xSmx thin films and Fe80−xSmxB20 thin films and ribbons. J Magn Magn Mater 1996, 157–158: 225226.10.1016/0304-8853(95)01111-0
[28]
O Crisan, AD Crisan, N Randrianantoandro, et al. Crystallization processes and phase evolution in amorphous Fe–Pt–Nb–B alloys. J Alloys Compd 2007, 440: L3L7.
[29]
A Abdulkadhim, M to Baben, T Takahashi, et al. Crystallization kinetics of amorphous Cr2AlC thin films. Surf Coat Technol 2011, 206: 599603.
[30]
S Matthies, L Lutterotti, HR Wenk, et al. Advances in texture analysis from diffraction spectra. J Appl Cryst 1997, 30: 3142.
[31]
Syassen K. Datlab, version 1.38 XP. MPI/FKF Stuttgart, Germany, 2005.
[32]
J Bicerano, D Adler. Theory of the structures of non-crystalline solids. Pure Appl Chem 1987, 59: 101144.
[33]
HP Klung, LE Alexander. X-ray Diffraction Procedures, 2nd edn. New York: Wiley, 1974.
[34]
D Balzar, H Ledbetter. Voigt-function modeling in Fourier analysis of size- and strain-broadened X-ray diffraction peaks. J Appl Cryst 1993, 26: 97103.
[35]
D Balzar. X-ray diffraction line broadening: Modeling and applications to high-Tc superconductors. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1993, 98: 321.
[36]
BE Warren. X-ray Diffraction. Reading, MA, USA: Addison Wesley, 1969.
[37]
O Crisan, JM Le Breton, A Maignan, et al. Structural refinement effect on the magnetoresistive properties of annealed melt spun Cu–Co–(Fe–Si) ribbons. J Magn Magn Mater 1999, 195: 428436.
[38]
J Kajikawa. Texture development of non-epitaxial polycrystalline ZnO films. J Cryst Growth 2006, 289: 387394.
[39]
DN Lee. Textures and structures of vapor deposits. J Mater Sci 1999, 34: 25752582.
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Pages 143-151
Cite this article:
CRISAN O, CRISAN AD. Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2018, 7(2): 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-018-0265-5

837

Views

46

Downloads

11

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

11

Scopus

3

CSCD

Altmetrics

Received: 21 November 2017
Revised: 22 February 2018
Accepted: 03 March 2018
Published: 28 March 2018
© The author(s) 2018

Open Access The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Return