AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
PDF (3 MB)
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Investigation of the phase space in lead-free (KxNa1-x)1-yLiy(Nb1-zTaz)O3 ferroelectric ceramics

Henry E. MGBEMEREa,b( )Rolf JANSSENbGerold A. SCHNEIDERb
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
Show Author Information

Abstract

A library of ceramic compounds based on the lead-free (KxNa1-x)1-yLiy(Nb1-zTaz)O3 solid solution has been synthesized and characterized using high-throughput experimentation (HTE) method. The phase space previously reported by Saito and Takao has been expanded to {{x, 0.1, 1.0}, {y, 0, 0.1}, {z, 0, 0.2}}, and new phase boundaries are observed. The relative density values show that with the appropriate sintering temperature, ~92% of the theoretical density can be reached. The relative permittivity values show that with increasing amount of K+and Ta5+, the dielectric constant values increase. The effect of density on the dielectric constant valuesishowever minimal. Resistivity values ranging from 109 to 1013 Ω·cm are obtained for the samples. The piezoelectric charge coefficient values for selected compositions show that higher values are obtained close to the phase boundaries rather than away from them. The properties for the ceramic library using the HTE method are generally 15%–20% less than from the conventional method. This method is therefore more suited for screening of sample compositions than for producing samples with high piezoelectric properties.

References

[1]
European Parliament and Council. Directive 2002/95/EC of the European parliament and of the council of January 2003 on the restriction of the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. European Journal 2003, 37: 1-9.
[2]
Egerton L, Dillon DM. Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ceramics in the system potassium—Sodium niobate. J Am Ceram Soc 1959, 42: 438-442.
[3]
Li J-F, Wang K, Zhu F-Y, et al. (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics: Fundamental aspects, processing technologies, and remaining challenges. J Am Ceram Soc 2013, 96: 3677-3696.
[4]
Wang K, Li J-F. (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoceramics: Phase transition, sintering and property enhancement. J Adv Ceram 2012, 1: 24-37.
[5]
Smolenskii GA, Isupov VA, Agranovskaya AI, et al. New ferroelectrics of complex composition. Sov Phys Solid State (Engl Transl) 1961, 2: 2651-2654.
[6]
Takenaka T, Maruyama K-i, Sakata K. (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 system for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Jpn J Appl Phys 1991, 30: 2236.
[7]
Cawse JN. Experimental strategies for combinatorial and high-throughput materials development. Acc Chem Res 2001, 34: 213-221.
[8]
Schmatloch S, Schubert US. Techniques and instrumentation for combinatorial and high-throughput polymer research:Recent developments. Macromol Rapid Comm 2004, 25: 69-76.
[9]
Chang H, Gao C, Takeuchi I, et al. Combinatorial synthesis and high throughput evaluation of ferroelectric/dielectric thin-film libraries for microwave applications. Appl Phys Lett 1998, 72: 2185.
[10]
Chang H, Takeuchi I, Xiang XD. A low-loss composition region identified from a thin-film composition spread of (Ba1−xySrxCay)TiO3. Appl Phys Lett 1999, 74: 1165.
[11]
Stegk TA, Janssen R, Schneider GA. High-throughput synthesis and characterization of bulk ceramics from dry powders. J Comb Chem 2008, 10: 274-279.
[12]
Stegk TA, Mgbemere H, Herber R-P, et al. Investigation of phase boundaries in the system (KxNa1−x)1−yLiy(Nb1−zTaz)O3 using high-throughput experimentation (HTE). J Eur Ceram Soc 2009, 29: 1721-1727.
[13]
Saito Y, Takao H. High performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in the (K,Na)NbO3–LiTaO3 solid solution system. Ferroelectrics 2006, 338: 17-32.
[14]
Shrout TR, Zhang SJ. Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT? J Electroceram 2007, 19: 113-126.
[15]
Skidmore TA, Milne SJ. Phase development during mixed-oxide processing of a [Na0.5K0.5NbO3]1−x–[LiTaO3]x powder. J Mater Res 2007, 22: 2265-2272.
[16]
Kim M-S, Lee D-S, Park E-C, et al. Effect of Na2O additions on the sinterability and piezoelectric properties of lead-free 95(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–5LiTaO3 ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2007, 27: 4121-4124.
[17]
Kim M-S, Jeong S-J, Song J-S. Microstructures and piezoelectric properties in the Li2O-excess 0.95(Na0.5K0.5) NbO3–0.05LiTaO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2007, 90: 3338-3340.
[18]
Chang Y, Yang Z, Ma D, et al. Phase coexistence and high electrical properties in (KxNa0.96xLi0.04)(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 piezoelectric ceramics. J Appl Phys 2009, 105: 054101.
[19]
Rodríguez-Carvajal J. Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction. Physica B 1993, 192: 55-69.
[20]
Hollenstein E, Davis M, Damjanovic D, et al. Piezoelectric properties of Li- and Ta-modified (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett 2005, 87: 182905.
[21]
Matsubara M, Yamaguchi T, Kikuta K, et al. Effect of Li substitution on the piezoelectric properties of potassium sodium niobate ceramics. Jpn J Appl Phys 2005, 44: 6136.
[22]
Matsubara M, Yamaguchi T, Kikuta K, et al. Synthesis and characterization of (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.7Ta0.3)O3 piezoelectric ceramics sintered with sintering aid K5.4Cu1.3Ta10O29. Jpn J Appl Phys 2005, 44: 6618.
[23]
Klein N, Hollenstein E, Damjanovic D, et al. A study of the phase diagram of (K,Na,Li)NbO3 determined by dielectric and piezoelectric measurements, and Raman spectroscopy. J Appl Phys 2007, 102: 014112.
[24]
Matsubara M, Kikuta K, Hirano S. Piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb1xTax)O3−K5.4CuTa10O29 ceramics. J Appl Phys 2005, 97: 114105.
[25]
Wang Y, Damjanovic D, Klein N, et al. Compositional inhomogeneity in Li- and Ta-modified (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2007, 90: 3485-3489.
[26]
Zhen Y, Li J-F. Abnormal grain growth and new core–shell structure in (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2007, 90: 3496-3502.
[27]
Mgbemere HE, Hinterstein M, Schneider GA. Electrical and structural characterization of (KxNa1-x)NbO3 ceramics modified with Li and Ta. J Appl Cryst 2011, 44: 1080-1089.
[28]
Mgbemere HE, Fernandes RP, Hinterstein M, et al. Temperature-dependent synchrotron powder diffraction phase studies of (K0.37Na0.52Li0.03)(Nb0.87Ta0.1Sb0.03)O3 ferroelectric ceramics. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie Crystalline Materials 2011, 226: 138-144.
[29]
Jaffe B, Jaffe H, Cook WR. Piezoelectric Ceramics. London: Academic Press, 1971.
[30]
Guo Y, Kakimoto K-i, Ohsato H. Phase transitional behavior and piezoelectric properties of (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–LiNbO3 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett 2004, 85: 4121.
[31]
Wu L, Zhang J, Zheng P, et al. Influences of morphotropic phase boundaries on physical properties in (K,Na,Li)Nb0.80Ta0.20O3 ceramics. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2007, 40: 3527.
[32]
Zuo R, Röedel J, Chen R, et al. Sintering and electrical properties of lead-free Na0.5K0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2006, 89: 2010-2015.
[33]
Herabut A, Safari A. Processing and electromechanical properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)(1−1.5x)LaxTiO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1997, 80: 2954-2958.
[34]
Wu L, Xiao D-Q, Lin D-M, et al. Synthesis and properties of [Bi0.5(Na1-xAgx)0.5]1-yBayTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics. Jpn J Appl Phys 2005, 44: 8515.
[35]
Ringgaard E, Wurlitzer T. Lead-free piezoceramics based on alkali niobates. J Eur Ceram Soc 2005, 25: 2701-2706.
[36]
Dunn ML, Taya M. Electromechanical properties of porous piezoelectric ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1993, 76: 1697-1706.
[37]
Zhao P, Zhang B-P, Li J-F. Influences of sintering temperature on piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Li/Ta-codoped lead-free (Na,K)NbO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2008, 91: 1690-1692.
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Pages 282-291
Cite this article:
MGBEMERE HE, JANSSEN R, SCHNEIDER GA. Investigation of the phase space in lead-free (KxNa1-x)1-yLiy(Nb1-zTaz)O3 ferroelectric ceramics. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2015, 4(4): 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0162-0

757

Views

17

Downloads

9

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

7

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics

Received: 15 April 2015
Revised: 10 July 2015
Accepted: 14 July 2015
Published: 20 October 2015
© The author(s) 2015

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

Return