Structure and composition study of carbon-doped titanium oxide film combined with first principles

Wei MAI; Feng WEN; Dong XIE; Yongxiang LENG; Zhonglin MU

doi:10.1007/s40145-014-0092-2

Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014, 3(1): 49-55 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-014-0092-2

Research Article |

Open Access | Issue | Published: 05 March 2014

Structure and composition study of carbon-doped titanium oxide film combined with first principles

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Wei MAI^{^a}, Feng WEN^{^a}(

), Dong XIE^{^b}, Yongxiang LENG^{^b}, Zhonglin MU^{^c}

^a Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R.China

^b Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, P.R.China

^c Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P.R.China

Keywords:

C/Ti–O films, carbon-doped, magnetron sputtering, first principles

Cite this article:

MAI W, WEN F, XIE D, et al. Structure and composition study of carbon-doped titanium oxide film combined with first principles. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2014, 3(1): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-014-0092-2

Download citation

EndNote(RIS)

BibTeX

626

Views

Downloads

Citations

Crossref

N/A

WoS

Scopus

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Abstract

Carbon-doped titanium oxide (C/Ti–O) films were prepared on Si(100) wafer, stainless steel (type 304) and glass by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) using CO₂ gas as carbon and oxygen source under room temperature (RT). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze structure and composition of the as-prepared C/Ti–O film. It could be observed from XRD that the as-prepared C/Ti–O film contained TiO crystal phase structure. Ti2p XPS spectrum of the as-prepared C/Ti–O film showed that the valences of titanium were made up of Ti²⁺, Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺. C1s XPS spectrum revealed that carbon was doped into titanium oxide based on the existence of the typical Ti–C bond. The optical absorption curve by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer showed that the C/Ti–O film appeared the remarkable red shift of absorption edge, which contributed to C substitution in O sites in amorphous TiO₂. Photocatalysis test using methyl orange (MO) as indicator confirmed that the as-prepared C/Ti–O film had photocatalytic activity. Combined with the results of the tests and first-principles calculations, a potential photocatalysis mechanism was proposed.

Full text

Abstract

Full text

Outline

About this article

Structure and composition study of carbon-doped titanium oxide film combined with first principles

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Wei MAI^{^a}, Feng WEN^{^a}(

), Dong XIE^{^b}, Yongxiang LENG^{^b}, Zhonglin MU^{^c}

^a Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R.China

^b Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, P.R.China

^c Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P.R.China

Abstract

Keywords: C/Ti–O films, carbon-doped, magnetron sputtering, first principles

References(34)

[1]

Linsebigler AL, Lu G, Yates JT. Photocatalysis on TiO₂ surfaces: Principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem Rev 1995, 95: 735–758.

DOI Google Scholar

[2]

Azevedo EB, Neto FRA, Dezotti M. TiO₂- photocatalyzed degradation of phenol in saline media: Lumped kinetics, intermediates, and acute toxicity. Appl Catal B: Environ 2004, 54: 165–173.

DOI Google Scholar

[3]

Baran W, Makowski A, Wardas W. The effect of UV radiation absorption of cationic and anionic dye solutions on their photocatalytic degradation in the presence TiO₂. Dyes Pigments 2008, 76: 226–230.

DOI Google Scholar

[4]

Hashimoto K, Irie H, Fujishima A. TiO₂ photocatalysis: A historical overview and future prospects. Jpn J Appl Phys 2005, 44: 8269–8285.

DOI Google Scholar

[5]

Hung W-C, Fu S-H, Tseng J-J, et al. Study on photocatalytic degradation of gaseous dichloromethane using pure and iron ion-doped TiO₂ prepared by the sol–gel method. Chemosphere 2007, 66: 2142–2151.

DOI Google Scholar

[6]

Li M, Zhang J, Guo D, et al. Band gap engineering of compensated (N, H) and (C, 2H) codoped anatase TiO₂: A first-principles calculation. Chem Phys Lett 2012, 539–540: 175–179.

DOI Google Scholar

[7]

Fujii H, Inata K, Ohtaki M, et al. Synthesis of TiO₂/CdS nanocomposite via TiO₂ coating on CdS nanoparticles by compartmentalized hydrolysis of Ti alkoxide. J Mater Sci 2001, 36: 527–532.

DOI Google Scholar

[8]

Otaka H, Kira M, Yano K, et al. Multi-colored dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photoch Photobio A 2004, 164: 67–73.

DOI Google Scholar

[9]

In S, Orlov A, Berg R, et al. Effective visible light-activated B-doped and B, N-codoped TiO₂ photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2007, 129: 13790–13791.

DOI Google Scholar

[10]

Lee J-Y, Park J, Cho J-H. Electronic properties of N- and C-doped TiO₂. Appl Phys Lett 2005, 87: 011904.

DOI Google Scholar

[11]

Yu Y, Wu H-H, Zhu B-L, et al. Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activities of F-doped TiO₂ nanotubes. Catal Lett 2008, 121: 165–171.

DOI Google Scholar

[12]

Yang K, Dai Y, Huang B. Understanding photocatalytic activity of S- and P-doped TiO₂ under visible light from first-principles. J Phys Chem C 2007, 111: 18985–18994.

DOI Google Scholar

[13]

Wang X, Meng S, Zhang X, et al. Multi-type carbon doping of TiO₂ photocatalyst. Chem Phys Lett 2007, 444: 292–296.

DOI Google Scholar

[14]

Yang X, Cao C, Erickson L, et al. Synthesis of visible-light-active TiO₂-based photocatalysts by carbon and nitrogen doping. J Catal 2008, 260: 128–133.

DOI Google Scholar

[15]

Ohtani B, Ogawa Y, Nishimoto S. Photocatalytic activity of amorphous-anatase mixture of titanium(IV) oxide particles suspended in aqueous solutions. J Phys Chem B 1997, 101: 3746–3752.

DOI Google Scholar

[16]

Randorn C, Wongnawa S, Boonsin P. Bleaching of methylene blue by hydrated titanium dioxide. ScienceAsia 2004, 30: 149–156.

DOI Google Scholar

[17]

Zhang Z, Maggard PA. Investigation of photocatalytically-active hydrated forms of amorphous titania, TiO₂·nH₂O. J Photoch Photobio A 2007, 186: 8–13.

DOI Google Scholar

[18]

Li J, Liu S, He Y, et al. Adsorption and degradation of the cationic dyes over Co doped amorphous mesoporous titania–silica catalyst under UV and visible light irradiation. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 2008, 115: 416–425.

DOI Google Scholar

[19]

Kanna M, Wongnawa S, Buddee S, et al. Amorphous titanium dioxide: A recyclable dye remover for water treatment. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 2010, 53: 162–170.

DOI Google Scholar

[20]

Wang H, Zong Z, Yan Y, et al. First-principles study of ferromagnetism in N doped TiO₂ and TiO. J Magn Magn Mater 2012, 324: 2858–2860.

DOI Google Scholar

[21]

Zhang Y, Ma X, Chen P, et al. Effect of the substrate temperature on the crystallization of TiO₂ films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. J Cryst Growth 2007, 300: 551–554.

DOI Google Scholar

[22]

Martin N, Santo AME, Sanjinés R, et al. Energy distribution of ions bombarding TiO₂ thin films during sputter deposition. Surf Coat Technol 2001, 138: 77–83.

DOI Google Scholar

[23]

Dang BHQ, Rahman M, MacElroy D, et al. Evaluation of microwave plasma oxidation treatments for the fabrication of photoactive un-doped and carbon-doped TiO₂ coatings. Surf Coat Technol 2012, 206: 4113–4118.

DOI Google Scholar

[24]

Cong Y, Li X, Qin Y, et al. Carbon-doped TiO₂ coating on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with higher visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B: Environ 2011, 107: 128–134.

DOI Google Scholar

[25]

Gu D, Lu Y, Yang B, et al. Facile preparation of micro–mesoporous carbon-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts with anatase crystalline walls under template-free condition. Chem Commun 2008: 2453–2455.

DOI Google Scholar

[26]

Yang J, Bai H, Jiang Q, et al. Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen–carbon-doped TiO₂ films obtained by heating TiO₂ gel–film in an ionized N₂ gas. Thin Solid Films 2008, 516: 1736–1742.

DOI Google Scholar

[27]

Fu Y, Du H, Zhang S, et al. XPS characterization of surface and interfacial structure of sputtered TiNi films on Si substrate. Mat Sci Eng A 2005, 403: 25–31.

DOI Google Scholar

[28]

Yang J, Dai J, Li J. Synthesis, characterization and degradation of Bisphenol A using Pr, N co-doped TiO₂ with highly visible light activity. Appl Surf Sci 2011, 257: 8965–8973.

DOI Google Scholar

[29]

Suriye K, Praserthdam P, Jongsomjit B. Control of Ti³⁺ surface defect on TiO₂ nanocrystal using various calcination atmospheres as the first step for surface defect creation and its application in photocatalysis. Appl Surf Sci 2007, 253: 3849–3855.

DOI Google Scholar

[30]

Hamdy MS, Amrollahi R, Mul G. Surface Ti³⁺ containing (blue) titania: A unique photocatalyst with high activity and selectivity in visible light-stimulated selective oxidation. ACS Catal 2012, 2: 2641–2647.

DOI Google Scholar

[31]

Kubokawa Y, Anpo M, Yun C. Olefin photooxidation and oxygen anion radicals on oxide surfaces. Stud Surf Sci Catal 1981, 7: 1170–1184.

DOI Google Scholar

[32]

Anpo M, Chiba K, Tomonari M, et al. Photocatalysis on native and platinum-loaded TiO₂ and ZnO catalysts. Origin of different reactivities on wet and dry metal oxides. B Chem Soc Jpn 1991, 64: 543–551.

DOI Google Scholar

[33]

Gao H, Ding C, Dai D. Density functional characterization of C-doped anatase TiO₂ with different oxidation state. J Mol Struc-THEOCHEM 2010, 944: 156–162.

DOI Google Scholar

[34]

Li F, Zhao Y, Hao Y, et al. N-doped P25 TiO₂–amorphous Al₂O₃ composites: One-step solution combustion preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. J Hazard Mater 2012, 239–240: 118–127.

DOI Google Scholar

About this article

Publication history

Acknowledgements

Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 23 October 2013

Revised: 04 January 2014

Accepted: 08 January 2014

Published: 05 March 2014

Issue date: March 2014

Copyright

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51062002 and 81171462), National Science Fund of Hainan Province (No. 511113) and Key Project of Science and Technology Planning of Hainan Province (No. ZDXM20110051).

Rights and permissions

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.