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Research Article

Experimental and theoretical investigation of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets/FeCo2O4 nanorods S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution

Haitao Wang1Lianglang Yu1Jiahe Peng1Jing Zou1Weiping Gong2Jizhou Jiang1 ( )
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Novel Catalytic Materials of Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
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Graphical Abstract

An advanced g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction comprising two-dimensional (2D) sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) FeCo2O4 nanorods (SCN/FeCo2O4) is fabricated successfully as efficient photocatalysts for H2 evolution.

Abstract

g-C3N4 emerges as a promising metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst due to its cost-effectiveness, facile synthesis, suitable visible light response, and robust thermal stability. However, its practical application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is impeded by rapid carrier recombination and limited light absorption capacity. In this study, we successfully develop a novel g-C3N4-based step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction comprising two-dimensional (2D) sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets (SCN) and one-dimensional (1D) FeCo2O4 nanorods (FeCo2O4), demonstrating enhanced photocatalytic HER activity. The engineered SCN/FeCo2O4 S-scheme heterojunction features a well-defined 2D/1D heterogeneous interface facilitating directed interfacial electron transfer from FeCo2O4 to SCN, driven by the lower Fermi level of SCN compared to FeCo2O4. This establishment of electron-interacting 2D/1D S-scheme heterojunction not only facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, but also enhances visible-light absorption and mitigates electron-hole pair recombination. Band structure analysis and density functional theory calculations corroborate that the carrier migration in the SCN/FeCo2O4 photocatalyst adheres to a typical S-scheme heterojunction mechanism, effectively retaining highly reactive photogenerated electrons. Consequently, the optimized SCN/FeCo2O4 heterojunction exhibits a substantially high hydrogen production rate of 6303.5 μmol·g–1·h–1 under visible light excitation, which is 2.4 times higher than that of the SCN. Furthermore, the conjecture of the S-scheme mechanism is confirmed by in situ XPS measurement. The 2D/1D S-scheme heterojunction established in this study provides valuable insights into the development of high-efficiency carbon-based catalysts for diverse energy conversion and storage applications.

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Nano Research
Pages 8007-8016
Cite this article:
Wang H, Yu L, Peng J, et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets/FeCo2O4 nanorods S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Nano Research, 2024, 17(9): 8007-8016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6823-y
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Received: 29 April 2024
Revised: 11 June 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2024
Published: 27 July 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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