3D-shaped 3D-continuously graphene cellulose (3D²GC) architecture

In the endeavor to develop three-dimensional (3D)-architected sophisticated hierarchical structures, the synergy between in-plane and out-of-plane interactions at interfaces offers new functionalities. This interplay, governed by van der Waals (vdW) interfacial nanoarchitectonics, facilitates the design of efficient thermally conductive pathways. This work delves into the kinetics underlying a dual-templating strategy, seamlessly integrating two-dimensional (2D)-graphene sheets with one-dimensional (1D)-cellulose chains at heterointerfaces, thereby transforming into 3D-shaped and 3D-continuously anisotropic structures, termed as (3D²GC) architecture. Hereby, we designed and fabricated an anisotropic graphene cellulose scaffold (GCS) employing a nickel template. The as-grown GCS replicates the 3D-shaped and configuration of the template. The 3D-continuously interconnected fibrous-porous network of the GCS, combined with its anisotropic thermal properties (λ_axial/λ_radial), not only is promising for advanced thermal technologies but also offers advantages in cost-effectiveness and eco-effectiveness.