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Seawater electrolysis, especially in coastlines, is widely considered as a sustainable way of making clean and high-purity H2 from renewable energy; however, the practical viability is challenged severely by the limited anode durability resulting from side reactions of chlorine species. Herein, we report an effective Cl blocking barrier of NiFe-layer double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) to harmful chlorine chemistry during alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO), a pre-formed surface-derived NiFe-phosphate (Pi) outer-layer. Specifically, the PO43−-enriched outer-layer is capable of physically and electrostatically inhibiting Cl adsorption, which protects active Ni3+ sites during ASO. The NiFe-LDH with the NiFe-Pi outer-layer (NiFe-LDH@NiFe-Pi) exhibits higher current densities (j) and lower overpotentials to afford 1 A·cm−2 (η1000 of 370 mV versus η1000 of 420 mV) than the NiFe-LDH in 1 M KOH + seawater. Notably, the NiFe-LDH@NiFe-Pi also demonstrates longer-term electrochemical durability than NiFe-LDH, attaining 100-h duration at the j of 1 A·cm−2. Additionally, the importance of surface-derived PO43−-enriched outer-layer in protecting the active centers, γ-NiOOH, is explained by ex situ characterizations and in situ electrochemical spectroscopic studies.


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Surface-derived phosphate layer on NiFe-layered double hydroxide realizes stable seawater oxidation at the current density of 1 A·cm−2

Show Author's information Chaoxin Yang1Zhengwei Cai1Jie Liang2Kai Dong1Zixiao Li1,2Hang Sun3Shengjun Sun1Dongdong Zheng1Hui Zhang1Yongsong Luo1Yongchao Yao2Yan Wang2Yuchun Ren2Qian Liu4Luming Li4Wei Chu4Xuping Sun1,2( )Bo Tang1,5( )
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Science, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China

Abstract

Seawater electrolysis, especially in coastlines, is widely considered as a sustainable way of making clean and high-purity H2 from renewable energy; however, the practical viability is challenged severely by the limited anode durability resulting from side reactions of chlorine species. Herein, we report an effective Cl blocking barrier of NiFe-layer double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) to harmful chlorine chemistry during alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO), a pre-formed surface-derived NiFe-phosphate (Pi) outer-layer. Specifically, the PO43−-enriched outer-layer is capable of physically and electrostatically inhibiting Cl adsorption, which protects active Ni3+ sites during ASO. The NiFe-LDH with the NiFe-Pi outer-layer (NiFe-LDH@NiFe-Pi) exhibits higher current densities (j) and lower overpotentials to afford 1 A·cm−2 (η1000 of 370 mV versus η1000 of 420 mV) than the NiFe-LDH in 1 M KOH + seawater. Notably, the NiFe-LDH@NiFe-Pi also demonstrates longer-term electrochemical durability than NiFe-LDH, attaining 100-h duration at the j of 1 A·cm−2. Additionally, the importance of surface-derived PO43−-enriched outer-layer in protecting the active centers, γ-NiOOH, is explained by ex situ characterizations and in situ electrochemical spectroscopic studies.

Keywords: layered double hydroxide, seawater oxidation, in situ Raman, electrostatic repulsion, phosphate outer-layer

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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 09 December 2023
Revised: 29 January 2024
Accepted: 14 February 2024
Published: 15 March 2024

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© Tsinghua University Press 2024

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Free Exploration Project of Frontier Technology for Laoshan Laboratory (No. 16-02) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22072015 and 21927811).

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