Comparison of commercial silicon-based anode materials for the design of a high-energy lithium-ion battery
),
Minseong Ko1(
)
Download citation
326
Views
84
Downloads
0
Crossref
0
WoS
0
Scopus
0
CSCD
Silicon (Si) is considered a potential alternative anode for next-generation Li-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and abundance. However, the commercial use of Si anodes is hindered by their large volume expansion (~ 300%). Numerous efforts have been made to address this issue. Among these efforts, Si-graphite co-utilization has attracted attention as a reasonable alternative for high-energy anodes. A comparative study of representative commercial Si-based materials, such as Si nanoparticles, Si suboxides, and Si−Graphite composites (SiGC), was conducted to characterize their overall performance in high-energy lithium-ion battery (LIB) design by incorporating conventional graphite. Nano-Si was found to exhibit poor electrochemical performance, with severe volume expansion during cycling. Si suboxide provided excellent cycling stability in a full-cell evaluation with stable volume variation after 50 cycles, but had a large irreversible capacity and remarkable volume expansion during the first cycle. SiGC displayed a good initial Coulombic efficiency and the lowest volume change in the first cycle owing to the uniformly distributed nano-Si layer on graphite; however, its long-term cycling stability was relatively poor. To complement each disadvantage of Si suboxide and SiGC, a new combination of these Si-based anodes was suggested and a reasonable improvement in overall battery performance was successfully achieved.
menu
Comparison of commercial silicon-based anode materials for the design of a high-energy lithium-ion battery
), Minseong Ko1(
)
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a potential alternative anode for next-generation Li-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and abundance. However, the commercial use of Si anodes is hindered by their large volume expansion (~ 300%). Numerous efforts have been made to address this issue. Among these efforts, Si-graphite co-utilization has attracted attention as a reasonable alternative for high-energy anodes. A comparative study of representative commercial Si-based materials, such as Si nanoparticles, Si suboxides, and Si−Graphite composites (SiGC), was conducted to characterize their overall performance in high-energy lithium-ion battery (LIB) design by incorporating conventional graphite. Nano-Si was found to exhibit poor electrochemical performance, with severe volume expansion during cycling. Si suboxide provided excellent cycling stability in a full-cell evaluation with stable volume variation after 50 cycles, but had a large irreversible capacity and remarkable volume expansion during the first cycle. SiGC displayed a good initial Coulombic efficiency and the lowest volume change in the first cycle owing to the uniformly distributed nano-Si layer on graphite; however, its long-term cycling stability was relatively poor. To complement each disadvantage of Si suboxide and SiGC, a new combination of these Si-based anodes was suggested and a reasonable improvement in overall battery performance was successfully achieved.
References(40)
Liu, J.; Bao, Z. N.; Cui, Y.; Dufek, E. J.; Goodenough, J. B.; Khalifah, P.; Li, Q. Y.; Liaw, B. Y.; Liu, P.; Manthiram, A. et al. Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 180–186.
Jiang, M. M.; Chen, J. L.; Zhang, Y. B.; Song, N.; Jiang, W.; Yang, J. P. Assembly: A key enabler for the construction of superior silicon-based anodes. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2203162.
Ko, M.; Chae, S.; Cho, J. Challenges in accommodating volume change of Si anodes for Li-Ion batteries. ChemElectroChem 2015, 2, 1645–1651.
Zhang, W. J. A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 13–24.
Kim, H.; Han, B.; Choo, J.; Cho, J. Three-dimensional porous silicon particles for use in high-performance lithium secondary batteries. Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 10305–10308.
Shi, F. F.; Song, Z. C.; Ross, P. N.; Somorjai, G. A.; Ritchie, R. O.; Komvopoulos, K. Failure mechanisms of single-crystal silicon electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11886.
McDowell, M. T.; Lee, S. W.; Nix, W. D.; Cui, Y. 25th anniversary article: Understanding the lithiation of silicon and other alloying anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4966–4985.
Zhang, F. Z.; Ma, Y. Y.; Jiang, M. M.; Luo, W.; Yang, J. P. Boron heteroatom-doped silicon-carbon peanut-like composites enables long life lithium-ion batteries. Rare Met. 2022, 41, 1276–1283.
Lin, D. C.; Lu, Z. D.; Hsu, P. C.; Lee, H. R.; Liu, N.; Zhao, J.; Wang, H. T.; Liu, C.; Cui, Y. A high tap density secondary silicon particle anode fabricated by scalable mechanical pressing for lithium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 2371–2376.
Li, P.; Kim, H.; Myung, S. T.; Sun, Y. K. Diverting exploration of silicon anode into practical way: A review focused on silicon-graphite composite for lithium ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 2021, 35, 550–576.
Yang, Y. J.; Wu, S. X.; Zhang, Y. P.; Liu, C. B.; Wei, X. J.; Luo, D.; Lin, Z. Towards efficient binders for silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 406, 126807.
Son, Y.; Sim, S.; Ma, H.; Choi, M.; Son, Y.; Park, N.; Cho, J.; Park, M. Exploring critical factors affecting strain distribution in 1D silicon-based nanostructures for lithium-ion battery anodes. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705430.
Wu, H.; Chan, G.; Choi, J. W.; Ryu, I.; Yao, Y.; McDowell, M. T.; Lee, S. W.; Jackson, A.; Yang, Y.; Hu, L. B. et al. Stable cycling of double-walled silicon nanotube battery anodes through solid-electrolyte interphase control. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 310–315.
Chen, H.; Wu, Z. Z.; Su, Z.; Chen, S.; Yan, C.; Al-Mamun, M.; Tang, Y. B.; Zhang, S. Q. A mechanically robust self-healing binder for silicon anode in lithium ion batteries. Nano Energy 2021, 81, 105654.
Liu, N.; Lu, Z. D.; Zhao, J.; McDowell, M. T.; Lee, H. W.; Zhao, W. T.; Cui, Y. A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 187–192.
Huang, X.; Yu, H.; Chen, J.; Lu, Z. Y.; Yazami, R.; Hng, H. H. Ultrahigh rate capabilities of lithium-ion batteries from 3D ordered hierarchically porous electrodes with entrapped active nanoparticles configuration. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 1296–1303.
Chan, C. K.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, G.; McIlwrath, K.; Zhang, X. F.; Huggins, R. A.; Cui, Y. High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 31–35.
Son, Y.; Kim, N.; Lee, T.; Lee, Y.; Ma, J.; Chae, S.; Sung, J.; Cha, H.; Yoo, Y.; Cho, J. Calendering-compatible macroporous architecture for silicon-graphite composite toward high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003286.
Aricò, A. S.; Bruce, P.; Scrosati, B.; Tarascon, J. M.; van Schalkwijk, W. Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 366–377.
Zhu, G. J.; Guo, R.; Luo, W.; Liu, H. K.; Jiang, W.; Dou, S. X.; Yang, J. P. Boron doping-induced interconnected assembly approach for mesoporous silicon oxycarbide architecture. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2021, 8, nwaa152.
Jia, H. P.; Li, X. L.; Song, J. H.; Zhang, X.; Luo, L. L.; He, Y.; Li, B. S.; Cai, Y.; Hu, S. Y.; Xiao, X. C. et al. Hierarchical porous silicon structures with extraordinary mechanical strength as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1474.
Xu, Q.; Sun, J. K.; Yin, Y. X.; Guo, Y. G. Facile synthesis of blocky SiO x /C with graphite-like structure for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1705235.
Sung, J.; Ma, J.; Choi, S. H.; Hong, J.; Kim, N.; Chae, S.; Son, Y.; Kim, S. Y.; Cho, J. Fabrication of lamellar nanosphere structure for effective stress-management in large-volume-variation anodes of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1900970.
Asenbauer, J.; Eisenmann, T.; Kuenzel, M.; Kazzazi, A.; Chen, Z.; Bresser, D. The success story of graphite as a lithium-ion anode material - fundamentals, remaining challenges, and recent developments including silicon (oxide) composites. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2020, 4, 5387–5416.
Wang, J.; Zhao, H. L.; He, J. C.; Wang, C. M.; Wang, J. Nano-sized SiO x /C composite anode for lithium ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 4811–4815.
Chen, T.; Wu, J.; Zhang, Q. L.; Su, X. Recent advancement of SiO x based anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2017, 363, 126–144.
Lee, S. J.; Kim, H. J.; Hwang, T. H.; Choi, S.; Park, S. H.; Deniz, E.; Jung, D. S.; Choi, J. W. Delicate structural control of Si-SiO x -C composite via high-speed spray pyrolysis for Li-Ion battery anodes. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 1870–1876.
Chae, S.; Ko, M.; Park, S.; Kim, N.; Ma, J.; Cho, J. Micron-sized Fe-Cu-Si ternary composite anodes for high energy Li-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 1251–1257.
Miyachi, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Kawai, H.; Ohta, T.; Shirakata, M. Analysis of SiO anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, A2089.
Ko, M.; Chae, S.; Ma, J.; Kim, N.; Lee, H. W.; Cui, Y.; Cho, J. Scalable synthesis of silicon-nanolayer-embedded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 16113.
Chae, S.; Kim, N.; Ma, J.; Cho, J.; Ko, M. One-to-one comparison of graphite-blended negative electrodes using silicon nanolayer-embedded graphite versus commercial benchmarking materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1700071.
Chae, S.; Choi, S. H.; Kim, N.; Sung, J.; Cho, J. Integration of graphite and silicon anodes for the commercialization of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 110–135.
Kim, N.; Chae, S.; Ma, J.; Ko, M.; Cho, J. Fast-charging high-energy lithium-ion batteries via implantation of amorphous silicon nanolayer in edge-plane activated graphite anodes. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 812.
Shrestha, S.; Wang, B.; Dutta, P. Nanoparticle processing: Understanding and controlling aggregation. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2020, 279, 102162.
Chae, S.; Ko, M.; Kim, K.; Ahn, K.; Cho, J. Confronting issues of the practical implementation of Si anode in high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Joule 2017, 1, 47–60.
Li, Z. H.; Zhang, Y. P.; Liu, T. F.; Gao, X. H.; Li, S. Y.; Ling, M.; Liang, C. D.; Zheng, J. C.; Lin, Z. Silicon anode with high initial coulombic efficiency by modulated trifunctional binder for high-areal-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1903110.
Liu, Q.; Meng, T.; Yu, L.; Guo, S. T.; Hu, Y. H.; Liu, Z. F.; Hu, X. L. Interface engineering to boost thermal safety of microsized silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Small Methods 2022, 6, 2200380.
Lee, J. H.; Kim, W. J.; Kim, J. Y.; Lim, S. H.; Lee, S. M. Spherical silicon/graphite/carbon composites as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2008, 176, 353–358.
Liu, X. H.; Zhong, L.; Huang, S.; Mao, S. X.; Zhu, T.; Huang, J. Y. Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1522–1531.
He, Y.; Jiang, L.; Chen, T. W.; Xu, Y. B.; Jia, H. P.; Yi, R.; Xue, D. C.; Song, M.; Genc, A.; Bouchet-Marquis, C. et al. Progressive growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase towards the Si anode interior causes capacity fading. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2021, 16, 1113–1120.
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (No. 20010542, Development of Petroleum Pitch Based Conductive Material and Binder for Lithium Ion Secondary Battery and Their Application) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C1095408).
FEEDBACK 
TOP