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Nano Research 2024, 17(6): 4834-4843 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6453-4
Research Article | Issue | Published: 02 February 2024

Enhanced charge separation by incomplete calcination modified co-doped TiO2 nanoparticle for isothiazolinone photocatalytic degradation

Show Author's Information Zhiren Guo1,  Xiao Zhang1,  Xinyuan Li1,  Chang Cui1,  Zilei Zhang1,  Hansheng Li1,  Dongxiang Zhang1,2( ),  Jinying Li1,2,  Xiyan Xu1( ),  Jiatao Zhang1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
Department of Chemistry, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China
Keywords:
photocatalytic degradation, charge separation, oxygen vacancies, TiO2 nanoparticle, electron distribution modification
Topics:
Photocatalysts
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Guo Z, Zhang X, Li X, et al. Enhanced charge separation by incomplete calcination modified co-doped TiO2 nanoparticle for isothiazolinone photocatalytic degradation. Nano Research, 2024, 17(6): 4834-4843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6453-4
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Photocatalytic oxidation techniques are promising for degradation of the highly ecotoxic and refractory isothiazolinone bactericides in relevant industrial wastewaters. However, low charge separation and directional transport efficiency under solar light radiation restrain their practical application. Here, we report a nanostructured photocatalyst doped with Gd and B in TiO2 with carbon incorporation and defect formation through incomplete calcination. The specific surface area, grain size, and hydrophilicity of TiO2 are improved, which is beneficial for the interfacial reaction between the photocatalyst and pollutants. The reduction of the bandgap, the broadening of the photo-absorption range, and the retarded electron–hole recombination promote the photocatalytic performance due to the improved oxygen vacancies based on the electron distribution modification. The difference in partial density of states (ΔPDOS) between the current catalyst and raw TiO2 indicates that the co-doping of Gd and B with incomplete calcination changes the electronic hybridization of conduction band and valence band near the Fermi level, and affects the band gap energy. It improved charge separation and directional transport efficiency and benefited the formation of main active species, including •OH and O2•−, for the pollutant decomposition. The rate of photocatalytic removal of benzisothiazolinone (BIT) by the current photocatalyst reaches 1.25 h−1, being 4.31 times that of TiO2. The current work offers a constructive approach to the design and synthesis of nanostructured photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Enhanced charge separation by incomplete calcination modified co-doped TiO2 nanoparticle for isothiazolinone photocatalytic degradation

Show Author's information Zhiren Guo1, Xiao Zhang1, Xinyuan Li1, Chang Cui1, Zilei Zhang1, Hansheng Li1, Dongxiang Zhang1,2( ), Jinying Li1,2, Xiyan Xu1( ), Jiatao Zhang1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
Department of Chemistry, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China

Abstract

Photocatalytic oxidation techniques are promising for degradation of the highly ecotoxic and refractory isothiazolinone bactericides in relevant industrial wastewaters. However, low charge separation and directional transport efficiency under solar light radiation restrain their practical application. Here, we report a nanostructured photocatalyst doped with Gd and B in TiO2 with carbon incorporation and defect formation through incomplete calcination. The specific surface area, grain size, and hydrophilicity of TiO2 are improved, which is beneficial for the interfacial reaction between the photocatalyst and pollutants. The reduction of the bandgap, the broadening of the photo-absorption range, and the retarded electron–hole recombination promote the photocatalytic performance due to the improved oxygen vacancies based on the electron distribution modification. The difference in partial density of states (ΔPDOS) between the current catalyst and raw TiO2 indicates that the co-doping of Gd and B with incomplete calcination changes the electronic hybridization of conduction band and valence band near the Fermi level, and affects the band gap energy. It improved charge separation and directional transport efficiency and benefited the formation of main active species, including •OH and O2•−, for the pollutant decomposition. The rate of photocatalytic removal of benzisothiazolinone (BIT) by the current photocatalyst reaches 1.25 h−1, being 4.31 times that of TiO2. The current work offers a constructive approach to the design and synthesis of nanostructured photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants.

Keywords: photocatalytic degradation, charge separation, oxygen vacancies, TiO2 nanoparticle, electron distribution modification

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 23 November 2023
Revised: 21 December 2023
Accepted: 24 December 2023
Published: 02 February 2024
Issue date: June 2024

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2024

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the support of the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFC2102205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51808312), and the CNNC Key Laboratory on Uranium Extraction from Seawater (No. KLUES202207).

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