AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Eutectogel-based self-powered wearable sensor for health monitoring in harsh environments

Junpeng Wu1, Xinru Teng1, Lu Liu1, Hongzhi Cui1( ), Xiaoyi Li1,2( )
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Eutectogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) demonstrates remarkable mass stability and sensitivity, opening up novel opportunities for the real-time monitoring of human health signals in challenging environments.

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have emerged as a highly promising energy harvesting technology, attracting significant attention in recent years for their broad applications. Gel-based TENGs, with superior stretchability and sensitivity, have been widely reported as wearable sensors. However, the traditional hydrogel-based TENGs suffer from freezing at low temperatures and drying at high temperatures, resulting in malfunctions. In this study, we introduce an anti-freezing eutectogel, which uses a deep eutectic solvent (DES), to improve the stability and electrical conductivity of TENGs in harsh environmental conditions. The eutectogel-based TENG (E-TENG) produces an open-circuit voltage of 776 V, a short-circuit current of 1.54 µA, and a maximum peak power of 1.1 mW. Moreover, the E-TENG exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 476% under tension. Importantly, it maintains impressive performances across a wide temperature range from −18 to 60 °C, with conductivities of 2.15 S/m at −10 °C and 1.75 S/m at −18 °C. Based on the excellent weight stability of the E-TENG sensor, motion sensing can be achieved in the air, and even underwater. Finally, the versatility of the E-TENG can serve as a wearable sensor, by integrating it with Bluetooth technology. The self-powered E-TENG can monitor various human motion signals in real-time and send the health signals directly to mobile phones. This research paves a new road for the applications of TENGs in harsh environments, offering wireless flexible sensors with real-time health signal monitoring capabilities.

Keywords

triboelectric nanogeneratorsself-poweredharsh environmenthealth monitoringEutectogel

Electronic Supplementary Material

Video
12274_2024_6425_MOESM2_ESM.mp4
12274_2024_6425_MOESM3_ESM.mp4
Download File(s)
12274_2024_6425_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (3.1 MB)

References

[1]

Fan, F. R.; Tian, Z. Q.; Lin Wang, Z. Flexible triboelectric generator. Nano Energy 2012, 1, 328–334.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]

Wang, Z. L. Triboelectric nanogenerators as new energy technology for self-powered systems and as active mechanical and chemical sensors. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 9533–9557.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]

Yang, P. Y.; Zhou, L. L.; Gao, Y. K.; Xiao, J. F.; Liu, D.; Zhao, Z. H.; Qiao, W. Y.; Liu, J. Q.; Wang, Z. L.; Wang, J. Achieving high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator by DC pump strategy. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023, 8, 2201957.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

Guo, X. H.; He, J. W.; Zheng, Y.; Wu, J. P.; Pan, C. F.; Zi, Y. L.; Cui, H. Z.; Li, X. Y. High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on theoretical analysis and ferroelectric nanocomposites and its high-voltage applications. Nano Res. Energy 2023, 2, e9120074.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

Li, X. Y.; Lau, T. H.; Guan, D.; Zi, Y. L. A universal method for quantitative analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 19485–19494.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

Li, G.; Liu, G. L.; He, W. C.; Long, L.; Li, B. X.; Wang, Z.; Tang, Q.; Liu, W. L.; Hu, C. G. Miura folding based charge-excitation triboelectric nanogenerator for portable power supply. Nano Res. 2021, 14, 4204–4210.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

Zheng, N.; Xue, J. H.; Jie, Y.; Cao, X.; Wang, Z. L. Wearable and humidity-resistant biomaterials-based triboelectric nanogenerator for high entropy energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 6213–6219.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]

Qi, C. X.; Yang, Z. Y.; Zhi, J. Y.; Zhang, R. C.; Wen, J.; Qin, Y. Enhancing the powering ability of triboelectric nanogenerator through output signal’s management strategies. Nano Res. 2023, 16, 11783–11800.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]

Gan, L. Y.; Xia, F.; Zhang, P. P.; Jiang, X. J.; Liu, Y. X.; Niu, S. M.; Hu, Y. F. Triboelectric nanogenerators with a constant inherent capacitance design. Nano Res. 2023, 16, 4077–4084.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

Wang, Y. Q.; Huang, T.; Gao, Q.; Li, J. P.; Wen, J. M.; Wang, Z. L.; Cheng, T. H. High-voltage output triboelectric nanogenerator with DC/AC optimal combination method. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 3239–3245.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

Wang, W. J.; Sun, W. T.; Du, Y. F.; Zhao, W. B.; Liu, L. J.; Sun, Y.; Kong, D. J.; Xiang, H. F.; Wang, X. X.; Li, Z. et al. Triboelectric nanogenerators-based therapeutic electrical stimulation on skin: From fundamentals to advanced applications. ACS Nano 2023, 17, 9793–9825.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

Pang, Y. K.; Fang, Y. H.; Su, J. J.; Wang, H. G.; Tan, Y. Q.; Cao, C. Y. Soft ball-based triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerators for wave energy harvesting. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023, 8, 2201246.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

Yu, Y.; Wang, X. X.; Xie, G. X.; Ma, J. Q.; Lv, T. Y.; Du, K. F.; Hu, H.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y. Q.; Long, Y. Z. et al. Preparation and piezoelectric catalytic performance of flexible inorganic Ba1− x Ca x TiO3 via electrospinning. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 24695–24703.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Li, Y. M.; Chen, S. E.; Yan, H.; Jiang, H. W.; Luo, J. J.; Zhang, C.; Pang, Y. K.; Tan, Y. Q. Biodegradable, transparent, and antibacterial alginate-based triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and tactile sensing. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 468, 143572.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

Pang, Y. K.; Huang, Z. D.; Fang, Y. H.; Xu, X. C.; Cao, C. Y. Toward self-powered integrated smart packaging system-Desiccant-based triboelectric nanogenerators. Nano Energy 2023, 114, 108659.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

Zhu, Z. Y.; Li, B.; Zhao, E.; Yu, M. Self-powered silicon PIN neutron detector based on triboelectric nanogenerator. Nano Energy 2022, 102, 107668.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

Jiang, M.; Li, B.; Jia, W. Z.; Zhu, Z. Y. Predicting output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators using deep learning model. Nano Energy 2022, 93, 106830.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]

Dong, K.; Peng, X.; An, J.; Wang, A. C.; Luo, J. J.; Sun, B. Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z. L. Shape adaptable and highly resilient 3D braided triboelectric nanogenerators as e-textiles for power and sensing. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2868.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]

Dong, K.; Peng, X.; Cheng, R. W.; Ning, C.; Jiang, Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Wang, Z. L. Advances in high-performance autonomous energy and self-powered sensing textiles with novel 3D fabric structures. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2109355.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]

Dong, K.; Wang, Z. L. Self-charging power textiles integrating energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators with energy storage batteries/supercapacitors. J. Semicond. 2021, 42, 101601.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]

Wu, J. P.; Liang, W.; Song, W. Z.; Zhou, L. N.; Wang, X. X.; Ramakrishna, S.; Long, Y. Z. An acid and alkali-resistant triboelectric nanogenerator. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 23225–23233.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

Li, X. Y.; Zhang, C. G.; Gao, Y. K.; Zhao, Z. H.; Hu, Y. X.; Yang, O.; Liu, L.; Zhou, L. L.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z. L. A highly efficient constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 1334–1345.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]

Wang, Z.; Tang, Q.; Shan, C. C.; Du, Y.; He, W. C.; Fu, S. K.; Li, G.; Liu, A. P.; Liu, W. L.; Hu, C. G. Giant performance improvement of triboelectric nanogenerator systems achieved by matched inductor design. Energy Environ. Sci. 2021, 14, 6627–6637.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]

Zeng, Q. X.; Chen, A.; Zhang, X. F.; Luo, Y. L.; Tan, L. M.; Wang, X. A dual-functional triboelectric nanogenerator based on the comprehensive integration and synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge to achieve alternating current/direct current convertible outputs. Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2208139.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

Zhang, Y.; Zeng, Q. X.; Wu, Y.; Wu, J.; Yuan, S. L.; Tan, D. J.; Hu, C. G.; Wang, X. An ultra-durable windmill-like hybrid nanogenerator for steady and efficient harvesting of low-speed wind energy. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020, 12, 175.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

Patnam, H.; Graham, S. A.; Manchi, P.; Paranjape, M. V.; Yu, J. S. Single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators based on ionic conductive hydrogel for mechanical energy harvester and smart touch sensor applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 16768–16777.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

Wang, Z.; Liu, Z. R.; Zhao, G. R.; Zhang, Z. C.; Zhao, X. Y.; Wan, X. Y.; Zhang, Y. L.; Wang, Z. L.; Li, L. L. Stretchable unsymmetrical piezoelectric BaTiO3 composite hydrogel for triboelectric nanogenerators and multimodal sensors. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 1661–1670.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

Lu, Y.; Jiang, L. L.; Yu, Y.; Wang, D. H.; Sun, W. T.; Liu, Y.; Yu, J.; Zhang, J.; Wang, K.; Hu, H. et al. Liquid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerator based on the immiscible interface of an aqueous two-phase system. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 5316.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

Li, G. X.; Li, L. W.; Zhang, P. P.; Chang, C. Y.; Xu, F.; Pu, X. Ultra-stretchable and healable hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. RSC Adv. 2021, 11, 17437–17444.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

Xue, K.; Shao, C. Y.; Yu, J.; Zhang, H. M.; Wang, B.; Ren, W. F.; Cheng, Y. B.; Jin, Z. X.; Zhang, F.; Wang, Z. K. et al. Initiatorless solar photopolymerization of versatile and sustainable eutectogels as multi-response and self-powered sensors for human-computer interface. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2305879.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Zhang, H. M.; Xue, K.; Xu, X. H.; Wang, X. H.; Wang, B.; Shao, C. Y.; Sun, R. C. Green and low-cost alkali-polyphenol synergetic self-catalysis system access to fast gelation of self-healable and self-adhesive conductive hydrogels for self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators. Small, in press, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202305502.
[32]

Feng, Y. F.; Yu, J.; Sun, D.; Ren, W. F.; Shao, C. Y.; Sun, R. C. Solvent-induced in- situ self-assembly lignin nanoparticles to reinforce conductive nanocomposite organogels as anti-freezing and anti-dehydration flexible strain sensors. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 433, 133202.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]

Wang, X. X.; Yu, G. F.; Zhang, J.; Yu, M.; Ramakrishna, S.; Long, Y. Z. Conductive polymer ultrafine fibers via electrospinning: Preparation, physical properties and applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2021, 115, 100704.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]

Du, Y. Z.; Wang, X. D.; Dai, X. Y.; Lu, W. X.; Tang, Y. S.; Kong, J. Ultraflexible, highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding, and self-healable triboelectric nanogenerator based on Ti3C2T x MXene for self-powered wearable electronics. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2022, 100, 1–11.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]

Wu, M.; Wang, X.; Xia, Y. F.; Zhu, Y.; Zhu, S. L.; Jia, C. Y.; Guo, W. Y.; Li, Q. Q.; Yan, Z. G. Stretchable freezing-tolerant triboelectric nanogenerator and strain sensor based on transparent, long-term stable, and highly conductive gelatin-based organohydrogel. Nano Energy 2022, 95, 106967.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]

Zheng, Y.; Liu, T.; Wu, J. P.; Xu, T. T.; Wang, X. D.; Han, X.; Cui, H. Z.; Xu, X. F.; Pan, C. F.; Li, X. Y. Energy conversion analysis of multilayered triboelectric nanogenerators for synergistic rain and solar energy harvesting. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2202238.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]

Liu, J. J.; Qu, S. X.; Suo, Z. G.; Yang, W. Functional hydrogel coatings. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2021, 8, nwaa254.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]

Luo, X. X.; Zhu, L. P.; Wang, Y. C.; Li, J. Y.; Nie, J. J.; Wang, Z. L. A flexible multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator based on MXene/PVA hydrogel. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2104928.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]

Shuai, L. Y. Z.; Guo, Z. H.; Zhang, P. P.; Wan, J. M.; Pu, X.; Wang, Z. L. Stretchable, self-healing, conductive hydrogel fibers for strain sensing and triboelectric energy-harvesting smart textiles. Nano Energy 2020, 78, 105389.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]

Du, S.; Suo, H. N.; Xie, G.; Lyu, Q.; Mo, M.; Xie, Z. J.; Zhou, N. Y.; Zhang, L. B.; Tao, J.; Zhu, J. T. Self-powered and photothermal electronic skin patches for accelerating wound healing. Nano Energy 2022, 93, 106906.
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]

Huang, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, J. Q.; Hu, M. M.; Mo, F. N.; Liang, G. J.; Zhi, C. Y. An intrinsically self-healing NiCo|Zn rechargeable battery with a self-healable ferric-ion-crosslinking sodium polyacrylate hydrogel electrolyte. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9810–9813.
Google Scholar
[42]

Wang, Q. H.; Pan, X. F.; Lin, C. M.; Lin, D. Z.; Ni, Y. H.; Chen, L. H.; Huang, L. L.; Cao, S. L.; Ma, X. J. Biocompatible, self-wrinkled, antifreezing and stretchable hydrogel-based wearable sensor with PEDOT: Sulfonated lignin as conductive materials. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 370, 1039–1047.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]

Ge, W. J.; Cao, S.; Yang, Y.; Rojas, O. J.; Wang, X. H. Nanocellulose/LiCl systems enable conductive and stretchable electrolyte hydrogels with tolerance to dehydration and extreme cold conditions. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127306.
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]

Kim, Y.; Lee, D.; Seong, J.; Bak, B.; Choi, U. H.; Kim, J. Ionic liquid-based molecular design for transparent, flexible, and fire-retardant triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wearable energy solutions. Nano Energy 2021, 84, 105925.
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]

Darabi, M. A.; Khosrozadeh, A.; Mbeleck, R.; Liu, Y. Q.; Chang, Q.; Jiang, J. Z.; Cai, J.; Wang, Q.; Luo, G. X.; Xing, M. Skin-inspired multifunctional autonomic-intrinsic conductive self-healing hydrogels with pressure sensitivity, stretchability, and 3D printability. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1700533.
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]

Yuk, H.; Wu, J. J.; Zhao, X. H. Hydrogel interfaces for merging humans and machines. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2022, 7, 935–952.
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]

Bhatia, D.; Jo, S. H.; Ryu, Y.; Kim, Y.; Kim, D. H.; Park, H. S. Wearable triboelectric nanogenerator based exercise system for upper limb rehabilitation post neurological injuries. Nano Energy 2021, 80, 105508.
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]

Liu, W. L.; Wang, Z.; Wang, G.; Zeng, Q. X.; He, W. C.; Liu, L. Y.; Wang, X.; Xi, Y.; Guo, H. Y.; Hu, C. G. et al. Switched-capacitor-convertors based on fractal design for output power management of triboelectric nanogenerator. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1883.
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]

Feng, Y. F.; Yu, J.; Sun, D.; Dang, C.; Ren, W. F.; Shao, C. Y.; Sun, R. C. Extreme environment-adaptable and fast self-healable eutectogel triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Nano Energy 2022, 98, 107284.
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]

Lin, S. Q.; Xu, L.; Xu, C.; Chen, X. Y.; Wang, A. C.; Zhang, B. B.; Lin, P.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, H. B.; Wang, Z. L. Electron transfer in nanoscale contact electrification: Effect of temperature in the metal-dielectric case. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1808197.
Crossref Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 6,
June 2024
Pages 5559-5568
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6425-8
Cite this article:
Wu J, Teng X, Liu L, et al. Eutectogel-based self-powered wearable sensor for health monitoring in harsh environments. Nano Research, 2024, 17(6): 5559-5568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6425-8
Topics:
Nanogenerators

808

Views

13

Crossref

14

Web of Science

15

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 17 October 2023
Revised: 07 December 2023
Accepted: 17 December 2023
Published: 15 January 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
Return