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Research Article

A solubility limited pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone-based covalent organic framework for high-performance aqueous zinc-organic batteries

Min Cheng1,2, Shibing Zheng1,2, Tianjiang Sun1,2, Diantao Li1,2, Weijia Zhang1,2, Zhengtai Zha1,2, Qiong Sun1,2, Jing Tian1,2, Kai Zhang1,2( ), Zhanliang Tao1,2( )
Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Graphical Abstract

A β-ketoenamine-linked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) based on a 2,7-diaminopyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (4KT-BD) monomer and a 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) node (4KT-Tp-COF) is synthesized for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The extended π-conjugated structure reduces the solubility of zincated products of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO) monomer, the ordered porous framework facilitates the ion diffusion, allowing for excellent rate capacity.

Abstract

Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), with a high theoretical capacity of 408 mAh·g−1, is a promising candidate for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs), but its zincated products during discharge process suffer from high solubility in electrolytes. Herein, a β-ketoenamine-linked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) based on a 2,7-diaminopyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (4KT-BD) monomer and a 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) node (4KT-Tp-COF) is synthesized to address the above issue. The well-designed 4KT-Tp-COF displays low solubility in 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 owing to the favorable π–π stacking as well as extended structure. Besides, the ingenious structural design of the active molecule and the long-range ordered nano-channels alter the intramolecular electron distribution, which facilitates the ionic diffusion. Consequently, the 4KT-Tp-COF cathode exhibits a stable capacity of 181 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1, superior rate capability of 139 mAh·g−1 at 20 A·g−1, and a long lifetime of 1000 cycles without capacity loss at 30 A·g−1. Even at a low temperature of −20 °C, the electrode also performs an ultralong cycling life of 9000 cycles with a capacity of 106 mAh·g−1 at 5 A·g−1. The comprehensive characterizations of ex-situ analyses together with the theoretical calculations validate that the groups of C=O can contribute highly accessible redox-active sites for Zn2+ storage. The ultra-stable 4KT-Tp-COF cathode provides important insights for designing robust organic electrodes for sustainable and large-scale electrochemical energy storage.

Keywords

pyrene-45910-tetraonesolubility limitedcovalent organic frameworkzinc batteries

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 6,
June 2024
Pages 5095-5103
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6401-8
Cite this article:
Cheng M, Zheng S, Sun T, et al. A solubility limited pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone-based covalent organic framework for high-performance aqueous zinc-organic batteries. Nano Research, 2024, 17(6): 5095-5103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6401-8
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Received: 18 October 2023
Revised: 03 December 2023
Accepted: 07 December 2023
Published: 15 January 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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