Nano Research 2024, 17(6): 5095-5103 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6401-8

Research Article | Issue | Published: 15 January 2024

A solubility limited pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone-based covalent organic framework for high-performance aqueous zinc-organic batteries

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Min Cheng^{¹^,²}, Shibing Zheng^{¹^,²}, Tianjiang Sun^{¹^,²}, Diantao Li^{¹^,²}, Weijia Zhang^{¹^,²}, Zhengtai Zha^{¹^,²}, Qiong Sun^{¹^,²}, Jing Tian^{¹^,²}, Kai Zhang^{¹^,²}(

), Zhanliang Tao^{¹^,²}(

)

1Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

2Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China

Keywords:

covalent organic framework, 5, solubility limited, zinc batteries, pyrene-4, 9, 10-tetraone

Topics:

Ion batteries

Cite this article:

Cheng M, Zheng S, Sun T, et al. A solubility limited pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone-based covalent organic framework for high-performance aqueous zinc-organic batteries. Nano Research, 2024, 17(6): 5095-5103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6401-8

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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Abstract

Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), with a high theoretical capacity of 408 mAh·g⁻¹, is a promising candidate for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs), but its zincated products during discharge process suffer from high solubility in electrolytes. Herein, a β-ketoenamine-linked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) based on a 2,7-diaminopyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (4KT-BD) monomer and a 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) node (4KT-Tp-COF) is synthesized to address the above issue. The well-designed 4KT-Tp-COF displays low solubility in 3 M Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂ owing to the favorable π–π stacking as well as extended structure. Besides, the ingenious structural design of the active molecule and the long-range ordered nano-channels alter the intramolecular electron distribution, which facilitates the ionic diffusion. Consequently, the 4KT-Tp-COF cathode exhibits a stable capacity of 181 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.2 A·g⁻¹, superior rate capability of 139 mAh·g⁻¹ at 20 A·g⁻¹, and a long lifetime of 1000 cycles without capacity loss at 30 A·g⁻¹. Even at a low temperature of −20 °C, the electrode also performs an ultralong cycling life of 9000 cycles with a capacity of 106 mAh·g⁻¹ at 5 A·g⁻¹. The comprehensive characterizations of ex-situ analyses together with the theoretical calculations validate that the groups of C=O can contribute highly accessible redox-active sites for Zn²⁺ storage. The ultra-stable 4KT-Tp-COF cathode provides important insights for designing robust organic electrodes for sustainable and large-scale electrochemical energy storage.

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About this article

A solubility limited pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone-based covalent organic framework for high-performance aqueous zinc-organic batteries

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Min Cheng^{¹^,²}, Shibing Zheng^{¹^,²}, Tianjiang Sun^{¹^,²}, Diantao Li^{¹^,²}, Weijia Zhang^{¹^,²}, Zhengtai Zha^{¹^,²}, Qiong Sun^{¹^,²}, Jing Tian^{¹^,²}, Kai Zhang^{¹^,²}(

), Zhanliang Tao^{¹^,²}(

)

2Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China

Abstract

Keywords: covalent organic framework, 5, solubility limited, zinc batteries, pyrene-4, 9, 10-tetraone

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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 18 October 2023

Revised: 03 December 2023

Accepted: 07 December 2023

Published: 15 January 2024

Issue date: June 2024

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22279063 and 52001170), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (No. 22JCYBJC00590). The work was carried out at Shanxi Supercomputing Center of China, and the calculations were performed on TianHe-2. K. Z. would like to acknowledge for the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB2402200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22121005, 22005155, and 52072186), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 63233017, 63231002, and 63231198). J. T. would like to acknowledge for the Development Project of Large-scale Instrument Experiment Technology of Nankai University (No. 23NKSYJS02).