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Nano Research 2024, 17(5): 4221-4230 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6394-3
Research Article | Issue | Published: 24 January 2024

Enhanced conductivity and stability of Prussian blue cathodes in sodium-ion batteries by surface vapor-phase molecular self-assembly

Show Author's Information Tao Yuan,§,  Xiaopan Fu,§,  Yuan Wang,  Mingjie Li,  Shuixin Xia,  Yuepeng Pang,  Shiyou Zheng( )
School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

§ Tao Yuan and Xiaopan Fu contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
surface modification, cathode, sodium-ion battery, Prussian blue analogs, vapor-phase molecular self-assembly
Topics:
Ion batteries
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Yuan T, Fu X, Wang Y, et al. Enhanced conductivity and stability of Prussian blue cathodes in sodium-ion batteries by surface vapor-phase molecular self-assembly. Nano Research, 2024, 17(5): 4221-4230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6394-3
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

With many merits such as facile synthesis, economy, and relatively high theoretical capacity, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are considered promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical applications still suffer from a low actual specific capacity and inferior stability owing to the imperfect crystallinity, irreversible phase transition, and low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, a surface-modification technique for vapor-phase molecular self-assembly was developed to prepare Fe-based PBAs, specifically sodium iron hexacyanoferrate (NaFeHCF), with a uniform conductive polymer protective layer of polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface, resulting in NaFeHCF@PPy. The incorporation of a PPy protective layer not only improves the electronic conductivity of NaFeHCF@PPy, but also effectively mitigates the dissolution of Fe-ions during cycling. Specifically, this advanced vapor-phase technique avoids Fe2+ oxidation and Na+ loss during liquid-phase surface modification. The NaFeHCF@PPy exhibited a remarkably enhanced cycling performance, with capacity retentions of 85.6% and 69.1% over 500 and 1000 cycles, respectively, at 200 mA/g, along with a superior rate performance up to 5 A/g (fast kinetics). Additionally, by adopting this strategy for Mn-based PBAs (NaMnHCF@PPy), we further demonstrated the universality of this method for PBA cathodes in SIBs.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Enhanced conductivity and stability of Prussian blue cathodes in sodium-ion batteries by surface vapor-phase molecular self-assembly

Show Author's information Tao Yuan,§, Xiaopan Fu,§, Yuan Wang, Mingjie Li, Shuixin Xia, Yuepeng Pang, Shiyou Zheng( )
School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

§ Tao Yuan and Xiaopan Fu contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

With many merits such as facile synthesis, economy, and relatively high theoretical capacity, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are considered promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical applications still suffer from a low actual specific capacity and inferior stability owing to the imperfect crystallinity, irreversible phase transition, and low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, a surface-modification technique for vapor-phase molecular self-assembly was developed to prepare Fe-based PBAs, specifically sodium iron hexacyanoferrate (NaFeHCF), with a uniform conductive polymer protective layer of polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface, resulting in NaFeHCF@PPy. The incorporation of a PPy protective layer not only improves the electronic conductivity of NaFeHCF@PPy, but also effectively mitigates the dissolution of Fe-ions during cycling. Specifically, this advanced vapor-phase technique avoids Fe2+ oxidation and Na+ loss during liquid-phase surface modification. The NaFeHCF@PPy exhibited a remarkably enhanced cycling performance, with capacity retentions of 85.6% and 69.1% over 500 and 1000 cycles, respectively, at 200 mA/g, along with a superior rate performance up to 5 A/g (fast kinetics). Additionally, by adopting this strategy for Mn-based PBAs (NaMnHCF@PPy), we further demonstrated the universality of this method for PBA cathodes in SIBs.

Keywords: surface modification, cathode, sodium-ion battery, Prussian blue analogs, vapor-phase molecular self-assembly

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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 22 October 2023
Revised: 29 November 2023
Accepted: 03 December 2023
Published: 24 January 2024
Issue date: May 2024

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22379096, 52271222, 51971146, 51971147, 52171218, and 52371230). We also acknowledge the support of Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan, the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 2019-01-07-00-07-E00015), Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 21PJ1411100), Shanghai Rising-Star Program (Nos. 20QA1407100 and 21QA1406500), and the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (Nos. 21010503100, 20ZR1438400, and 22ZR1443900).

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