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Nano Research 2024, 17(5): 4329-4337 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6335-1
Research Article | Issue | Published: 04 December 2023

Rapid and sensitive detection of urinary KIM-1 using fully printed photonic crystal microarrays

Show Author's Information Yang Liu1,§,  Xuwei He1,2,§,  Zewei Lian3,§,  Qian Guo4,  Jimei Chi3,  Xiaoxue Lin2,  Liyue Zhang2,  Zheng Liu2,  Yingyuan Liu2,  Meng Su3,  Keyu Wang5( ),  Qiangguo Ao1( ),  Qingli Cheng1( )
Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, China
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China

§ Yang Liu, Xuwei He, and Zewei Lian contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
photonic crystal, acute kidney injury, urine, point-of-care testing, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)
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Cite this article:
Liu Y, He X, Lian Z, et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of urinary KIM-1 using fully printed photonic crystal microarrays. Nano Research, 2024, 17(5): 4329-4337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6335-1
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (uKIM-1) serves as a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). The rapid and facile detection of changes in uKIM-1 is essential for early AKI diagnosis, ultimately improving the prognosis of patients. In this study, we developed a fully printed photonic crystal-integrated microarray with photonic crystal-enhanced fluorescence properties, which can detect uKIM-1 levels at the point-of-care. We confirmed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of AKI using clinical urine specimens. Direct quantitative detection of uKIM-1 was achieved within 10 min. The lowest limit of detection is 8.75 pg·mL−1 with an accuracy of 94.2%. The diagnostic efficacy was validated using 86 clinical urine samples, highlighting the high sensitivity and stability of the photonic crystal microarray. Consequently, a facile and reliable immunoassay was designed and prepared for the rapid quantitative detection of uKIM-1, which is crucial for the early identification and convenient detection of AKI in hospital or community settings. Rapid, convenient, cost-effective, and long-term monitoring of changes in uKIM-1 levels can assist clinicians in making timely adjustments to treatment regimens, preventing the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD), improving the quality of life of patients with AKI, and reducing healthcare costs. It highlights the advantages of utilizing urine samples as a noninvasive and easily accessible medium for early detection and monitoring of kidney-related conditions.


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Abstract
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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Rapid and sensitive detection of urinary KIM-1 using fully printed photonic crystal microarrays

Show Author's information Yang Liu1,§, Xuwei He1,2,§, Zewei Lian3,§, Qian Guo4, Jimei Chi3, Xiaoxue Lin2, Liyue Zhang2, Zheng Liu2, Yingyuan Liu2, Meng Su3, Keyu Wang5( ), Qiangguo Ao1( ), Qingli Cheng1( )
Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, China
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China

§ Yang Liu, Xuwei He, and Zewei Lian contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (uKIM-1) serves as a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). The rapid and facile detection of changes in uKIM-1 is essential for early AKI diagnosis, ultimately improving the prognosis of patients. In this study, we developed a fully printed photonic crystal-integrated microarray with photonic crystal-enhanced fluorescence properties, which can detect uKIM-1 levels at the point-of-care. We confirmed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of AKI using clinical urine specimens. Direct quantitative detection of uKIM-1 was achieved within 10 min. The lowest limit of detection is 8.75 pg·mL−1 with an accuracy of 94.2%. The diagnostic efficacy was validated using 86 clinical urine samples, highlighting the high sensitivity and stability of the photonic crystal microarray. Consequently, a facile and reliable immunoassay was designed and prepared for the rapid quantitative detection of uKIM-1, which is crucial for the early identification and convenient detection of AKI in hospital or community settings. Rapid, convenient, cost-effective, and long-term monitoring of changes in uKIM-1 levels can assist clinicians in making timely adjustments to treatment regimens, preventing the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD), improving the quality of life of patients with AKI, and reducing healthcare costs. It highlights the advantages of utilizing urine samples as a noninvasive and easily accessible medium for early detection and monitoring of kidney-related conditions.

Keywords: photonic crystal, acute kidney injury, urine, point-of-care testing, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 26 September 2023
Revised: 08 November 2023
Accepted: 13 November 2023
Published: 04 December 2023
Issue date: May 2024

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82170684, 52222313, 22075296, 91963212, and 82000004), the Health Care Program Foundation of PLA (No. 21BJZ17), the Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (No. 22QNFC007), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2020032), and the Intramural Research Fund of Peking University International Hospital (No. YN2021QN05).

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