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Research Article | Online first | Published: 06 December 2023

Highly active and durable core–shell electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Show Author's Information Hsiwen Wu1,§,  Fei Xiao1,§,  Jing Wang1,2,  Meng Gu2( ),  Minhua Shao1,3,4( )
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
Energy Institute and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China

§ Hsiwen Wu and Fei Xiao contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
oxygen reduction reaction, durability, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, core–shell catalyst, platinum monolayer
Topics:
ElectrocatalystsOxygen reduction reaction Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
Cite this article:
Wu H, Xiao F, Wang J, et al. Highly active and durable core–shell electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nano Research, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6297-3
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

This work presents simple post-treatment methods to selectively and partially remove the Pd core of Pd–Pt core–shell (Pt@Pd/C) catalysts. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the post-treated Pt@Pd/C cathode (Pt loading: 0.10 mg∙cm−2) delivers an impressive peak power density of 1.2 W∙cm−2. The partial removal of Pd core endows an ultrahigh oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activity of 0.32 A∙mgPGM−1 when normalized to the platinum group metal (PGM) mass, or equivalently 0.55 A∙mgPt−1 at 0.9 V measured in a fuel cell. The post-treatment thickens the Pt shells and mitigates the Pd dissolution during potential cycling. As a result, the post-treated core–shell catalyst demonstrates superior durability in ORR mass activity and polarization power density retention than untreated core–shell catalyst and benchmark Pt/C. In-situ inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results highlight that the amount of dissolved Pd in post-treated core–shell catalyst is 17-times lower than that of the untreated one. Our findings highlight the importance of structural tuning of catalysts in enhancing their mass activity and durability.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Highly active and durable core–shell electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Show Author's information Hsiwen Wu1,§, Fei Xiao1,§, Jing Wang1,2, Meng Gu2( ), Minhua Shao1,3,4( )
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
Energy Institute and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China

§ Hsiwen Wu and Fei Xiao contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

This work presents simple post-treatment methods to selectively and partially remove the Pd core of Pd–Pt core–shell (Pt@Pd/C) catalysts. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the post-treated Pt@Pd/C cathode (Pt loading: 0.10 mg∙cm−2) delivers an impressive peak power density of 1.2 W∙cm−2. The partial removal of Pd core endows an ultrahigh oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activity of 0.32 A∙mgPGM−1 when normalized to the platinum group metal (PGM) mass, or equivalently 0.55 A∙mgPt−1 at 0.9 V measured in a fuel cell. The post-treatment thickens the Pt shells and mitigates the Pd dissolution during potential cycling. As a result, the post-treated core–shell catalyst demonstrates superior durability in ORR mass activity and polarization power density retention than untreated core–shell catalyst and benchmark Pt/C. In-situ inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results highlight that the amount of dissolved Pd in post-treated core–shell catalyst is 17-times lower than that of the untreated one. Our findings highlight the importance of structural tuning of catalysts in enhancing their mass activity and durability.

Keywords: oxygen reduction reaction, durability, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, core–shell catalyst, platinum monolayer

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 02 September 2023
Revised: 28 October 2023
Accepted: 30 October 2023
Published: 06 December 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2020YFB1505800), the Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program (No. 202103040002), and the Green Tech Fund (No. GTF202020092). M. G. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFA1503900) and the Guangdong Scientific Program (No. 2019QN01L057).

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