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Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This underscores the urgency for innovative approaches aiming at early and precise detection and treatment of CVDs to reduce the disease burden. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), with their unique magnetism and bioproperties, have shown great potential in this regard. In this review, we will begin with a brief overview of the synthesis and properties of IONPs. We will then focus on the latest applications of IONPs in CVDs, including diagnosis and treatment. The use of IONPs in the integration of diagnosis and treatment for CVDs is a promising field, and will be addressed in a separate section. The translational potential and challenges of IONPs will also be discussed. In conclusion, ongoing research and development of IONP-based strategies are highly likely to address current challenges effectively, and offer more personalized and efficient options for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2022YFA1205904), the National Natural Science Innovative Research Group Project (No. 61821002), the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51832001), the Frontier Fundamental Research Program of Jiangsu Province for Leading Technology (No. BK20222002), the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No. 2021K287B), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82100478, and 52302349) and the open research fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University (No. 202201). The authors also would like to acknowledge Freepik.com for providing assets to create the graphs.