Multi-layer hierarchical cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotubes/vinasse activated carbon composite materials for supercapacitors and electromagnetic interference shielding

Developing porous self-supporting electrodes with excellent conductivity, good mechanical properties, and high electrochemical activity is crucial for constructing electrode materials with lightweight, ultra-thin, flexible, and high capacitance performance. In this work, we prepared a cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/vinasse activated carbon (VAC) (CCV) composite material with a multi-layer hierarchical conductive structure through simple vacuum filtration and freeze-drying. In this composite material, the self-assembly of CNF provides the main skeleton structure of a multi-layer hierarchical structure. CNT provides a fast path for the rapid transfer of electrons and is beneficial for the loss of electromagnetic waves. VAC provides sufficient double layer performance. The synergistic effect of the above three endows CCV composite materials with excellent energy storage performance and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. In addition, we endowed the CCV composite with a certain shape and performance by introducing a vitrimer polymer with a dynamic cross-linked network structure. In summary, thanks to the synergistic effect of various components in the multi-layer hierarchical structure, CCV composite materials exhibit excellent integration performance, especially stable energy storage performance and EMI shielding performance. These significant properties make CCV composite materials have great application prospects in the fields of energy storage and intelligent EMI shielding.