Journal Home > Volume 16 , Issue 11
Nano Research 2023, 16(11): 12745-12752 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6144-6
Research Article | Issue | Published: 03 October 2023

Hollow multishelled structural TiN as multi-functional catalytic host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Show Author's Information Wei Xu1,2,  Ruyi Bi1,2,  Mei Yang1,4,  Jiangyan Wang1,3,4( ),  Ranbo Yu2( ),  Dan Wang1,3,4( )
State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Keywords:
titanium nitride, lithium-sulfur batteries, rate capability, shuttle effect, hollow multishelled structure
Topics:
Lithium sulfur batteries
Cite this article:
Xu W, Bi R, Yang M, et al. Hollow multishelled structural TiN as multi-functional catalytic host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Research, 2023, 16(11): 12745-12752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6144-6
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

336

Views

65

Downloads

Citations

8

Crossref

5

WoS

6

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has attracted extensive attention because of its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost. However, its commercialization is seriously hampered by its short cycling life, mainly due to the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and poor rate capability due to sluggish reaction kinetics. Although significant efforts have been devoted to solving the problems, it is still challenging to simultaneously address all the issues. Herein, titanium nitride hollow multishelled structure (TiN HoMS) sphere is designed as a multi-functional catalytic host for sulfur cathode. TiN, with good conductivity, can effectively catalyze the redox conversion of S and LiPSs, while its surficial oxidation passivation layer can strongly anchor LiPSs. Besides, HoMS enables TiN nanoparticle subunits to expose abundant active sites for anchoring and promoting conversion of LiPSs, while the multiple shells provide physical barriers to restrict the shuttle effect. In addition, HoMS can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and shorten the charge transport pathway. As a result, the sulfur cathode based on triple-shelled TiN HoMS exhibits an initial specific capacity of 1016 mAh·g−1 at a high sulfur loading of 2.8 mg·cm−2 and maintains 823 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, it shows a four times higher specific capacity than the one without TiN host at 2 C.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Hollow multishelled structural TiN as multi-functional catalytic host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Show Author's information Wei Xu1,2, Ruyi Bi1,2, Mei Yang1,4, Jiangyan Wang1,3,4( ), Ranbo Yu2( ), Dan Wang1,3,4( )
State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has attracted extensive attention because of its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost. However, its commercialization is seriously hampered by its short cycling life, mainly due to the shuttle of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and poor rate capability due to sluggish reaction kinetics. Although significant efforts have been devoted to solving the problems, it is still challenging to simultaneously address all the issues. Herein, titanium nitride hollow multishelled structure (TiN HoMS) sphere is designed as a multi-functional catalytic host for sulfur cathode. TiN, with good conductivity, can effectively catalyze the redox conversion of S and LiPSs, while its surficial oxidation passivation layer can strongly anchor LiPSs. Besides, HoMS enables TiN nanoparticle subunits to expose abundant active sites for anchoring and promoting conversion of LiPSs, while the multiple shells provide physical barriers to restrict the shuttle effect. In addition, HoMS can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and shorten the charge transport pathway. As a result, the sulfur cathode based on triple-shelled TiN HoMS exhibits an initial specific capacity of 1016 mAh·g−1 at a high sulfur loading of 2.8 mg·cm−2 and maintains 823 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, it shows a four times higher specific capacity than the one without TiN host at 2 C.

Keywords: titanium nitride, lithium-sulfur batteries, rate capability, shuttle effect, hollow multishelled structure

References(67)

[1]

Evers, S.; Nazar, L. F. New approaches for high energy density lithium-sulfur battery cathodes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1135–1143.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

Li, H.; Song, J. P.; Wu, F. L.; Wang, R.; Liu, D.; Tang, H. L. Metal-nitrogen-doped hybrid ionic/electronic conduction triple-phase interfaces for high-performance all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Res. 2023, 16, 10956–10965.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

Ji, X. L.; Lee, K. T.; Nazar, L. F. A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 500–506.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

Yang, M.; Bi, R. Y.; Wang, J. Y.; Yu, R. B.; Wang, D. Decoding lithium batteries through advanced in situ characterization techniques. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 2022, 29, 965–989.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

Ye, H. L.; Li, Y. G. Towards practical lean-electrolyte Li–S batteries: Highly solvating electrolytes or sparingly solvating electrolytes? Nano Res. Energy 2022, 1, e9120012.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

Liu, Y. S.; Zhao, X. H.; Li, S. S.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, K. X.; Chen, J. S. Towards high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries: The modification of polypropylene separator by 3D porous carbon structure embedded with Fe3C/Fe nanoparticles. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 2022, 38, 147–154.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

Wang, F.; Zuo, Z. C.; Li, L.; He, F.; Li, Y. L. Graphdiyne nanostructure for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 2019, 68, 104307.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]

Li, B. Q.; Peng, H. J.; Chen, X.; Zhang, S. Y.; Xie, J.; Zhao, C. X.; Zhang, Q. Polysulfide electrocatalysis on framework porphyrin in high-capacity and high-stable lithium-sulfur batteries. CCS Chem. 2019, 1, 128–137.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

Lu, R. C.; Cheng, M.; Mao, L. J.; Zhang, M.; Yuan, H. X.; Amin, K.; Yang, C.; Cheng, Y. L.; Meng, Y. N.; Wei, Z. X. Nitrogen-doped nanoarray-modified 3D hierarchical graphene as a cofunction host for high-performance flexible Li-S battery. EcoMat 2020, 2, e12010.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

Du, L. Y.; Wang, H. M.; Yang, M.; Liu, L. L.; Niu, Z. Q. Free-standing nanostructured architecture as a promising platform for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Small Struct. 2020, 1, 2000047.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

Razaq, R.; Zhang, N. N.; Xin, Y.; Li, Q.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Z. L. Electrocatalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides by highly dispersed ultrafine Mo2C nanoparticles on hollow N-doped carbon flowers for Li-S batteries. EcoMat 2020, 2, e12020.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

Pan, H.; Cheng, Z. B.; Fransaer, J.; Luo, J. S.; Wübbenhorst, M. Cobalt-embedded 3D conductive honeycomb architecture to enable high-sulphur-loading Li-S batteries under lean electrolyte conditions. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 8091–8100.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

Liu, H. T.; Liu, F.; Qu, Z. H.; Chen, J. L.; Liu, H.; Tan, Y. Q.; Guo, J. B.; Yan, Y.; Zhao, S.; Zhao, X. S. et al. High sulfur loading and shuttle inhibition of advanced sulfur cathode enabled by graphene network skin and N, P, F-doped mesoporous carbon interfaces for ultra-stable lithium sulfur battery. Nano Res. Energy 2023, 2, e9120049.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

Li, Z.; Hou, L. P.; Zhang, X. Q.; Li, B. Q.; Huang, J. Q.; Chen, C. M.; Liu, Q. B.; Xiang, R.; Zhang, Q. A Nafion protective layer for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in working lithium-sulfur batteries. Battery Energy. 2022, 1, 20220006.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

Wang, C. D.; Ma, Y.; Du, X. F.; Zhang, H. R.; Xu, G. J.; Cui, G. L. A polysulfide radical anions scavenging binder achieves long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. Battery Energy. 2022, 1, 20220010.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

Wei Seh, Z.; Li, W. Y.; Cha, J. J.; Zheng, G. Y.; Yang, Y.; McDowell, M. T.; Hsu, P. C.; Cui, Y. Sulphur-TiO2 yolk–shell nanoarchitecture with internal void space for long-cycle lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1331.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]

Li, Z.; Zhang, J. T.; Guan, B. Y.; Wang, D.; Liu, L. M.; Lou, X. W. A sulfur host based on titanium monoxide@carbon hollow spheres for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. Nat Commun. 2016, 7, 13065.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

Zhang, C.; Liu, D. H.; Geng, C. N.; Hua, W. X.; Tang, Q. J.; Ling, G. W.; Yang, Q. H. Solution-based preparation of high sulfur content sulfur/graphene cathode material for Li-S battery. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 2021, 37, 323–327.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

Huang, X.; Qiu, T. F.; Zhang, X. H.; Wang, L.; Luo, B.; Wang, L. Z. Recent advances of hollow-structured sulfur cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries. Mater. Chem. Front. 2020, 4, 2517–2547.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

Yuan, K.; Yuan, L. X.; Chen, J.; Xiang, J. W.; Liao, Y. Q.; Li, Z.; Huang, Y. H. Methods and cost estimation for the synthesis of nanosized lithium sulfide. Small Struct. 2021, 2, 2000059.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

Wang, L.; Li, G. R.; Liu, S.; Gao, X. P. Hollow molybdate microspheres as catalytic hosts for enhancing the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2010693.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

Chen, W. J.; Xia, H. C.; Guo, K.; Jin, W. Z.; Du, Y.; Yan, W. F.; Qu, G.; Zhang, J. N. Atomically dispersed Fe-N4 sites and Fe3C particles catalyzing polysulfides conversion in Li-S batteries. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 2022, 38, 1232–1238.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

Qian, J.; Xing, Y.; Yang, Y.; Li, Y.; Yu, K. X.; Li, W. L.; Zhao, T.; Ye, Y. S.; Li, L.; Wu, F. et al. Enhanced electrochemical kinetics with highly dispersed conductive and electrocatalytic mediators for lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, e2100810.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

Zhang, J. T.; Hu, H.; Li, Z.; Lou, X. W. Double-shelled nanocages with cobalt hydroxide inner shell and layered double hydroxides outer shell as high-efficiency polysulfide mediator for lithium-sulfur batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 3982–3986.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

Salhabi, E. H. M.; Zhao, J. L.; Wang, J. Y.; Yang, M.; Wang, B.; Wang, D. Hollow multi-shelled structural TiO2−x with multiple spatial confinement for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 9078–9082.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

Wei, Y. Z.; You, F. F.; Zhao, D. C.; Wan, J. W.; Gu, L.; Wang, D. Heterogeneous hollow multi-shelled structures with amorphous-crystalline outer-shells for sequential photoreduction of CO2. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202212049.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]

Zhao, D. C.; Wei, Y. Z.; Jin, Q.; Yang, N. L.; Yang, Y.; Wang, D. PEG-functionalized hollow multishelled structures with on-off switch and rate-regulation for controllable antimicrobial release. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202206807.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

Wei, Y. Z.; Wan, J. W.; Yang, N. L.; Yang, Y.; Ma, Y. W.; Wang, S. C.; Wang, J. Y.; Yu, R. B.; Gu, L.; Wang, L. H. et al. Efficient sequential harvesting of solar light by heterogeneous hollow shells with hierarchical pores. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2020, 7, 1638–1646.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

Chen, X. B.; Yang, N. L.; Wang, Y. L.; He, H. Y.; Wang, J. Y.; Wan, J. W.; Jiang, H. Y.; Xu, B.; Wang, L. M.; Yu, R. B. et al. Highly efficient photothermal conversion and water transport during solar evaporation enabled by amorphous hollow multishelled nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2107400.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

Zhao, D. C.; Yang, N. L.; Wei, Y.; Jin, Q.; Wang, Y. L.; He, H. Y.; Yang, Y.; Han, B.; Zhang, S. J.; Wang, D. Sequential drug release via chemical diffusion and physical barriers enabled by hollow multishelled structures. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 4450.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

Wang, L.; Wan, J. W.; Wang, J. Y.; Wang, D. Small structures bring big things: Performance control of hollow multishelled structures. Small Struct. 2021, 2, 2000041.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

Zhang, Y. T.; Ran, L.; Li, Z. W.; Zhai, P. L.; Zhang, B.; Fan, Z. Z.; Wang, C.; Zhang, X. M.; Hou, J. G.; Sun, L. C. Simultaneously efficient solar light harvesting and charge transfer of hollow octahedral Cu2S/CdS p–n heterostructures for remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 2021, 27, 348–357.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

Wang, J. Y.; Yang, M.; Wang, D. Progress and perspectives of hollow multishelled structures. Chin. J. Chem. 2022, 40, 1190–1203.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

Wang, J. Y.; Tang, H. J.; Zhang, L. J.; Ren, H.; Yu, R. B.; Jin, Q.; Qi, J.; Mao, D.; Yang, M.; Wang, Y. et al. Multi-shelled metal oxides prepared via an anion-adsorption mechanism for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 16050.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]

Wang, J. Y.; Wan, J. W.; Yang, N. L.; Li, Q.; Wang, D. Hollow multishell structures exercise temporal–spatial ordering and dynamic smart behaviour. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2020, 4, 159–168.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

Luo, D.; Li, G. R.; Deng, Y. P.; Zhang, Z.; Li, J. D.; Liang, R. L.; Li, M.; Jiang, Y.; Zhang, W. W.; Liu, Y. S. et al. Synergistic engineering of defects and architecture in binary metal chalcogenide toward fast and reliable lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1900228.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]

Mao, D.; Wan, J. W.; Wang, J. Y.; Wang, D. Sequential templating approach: A groundbreaking strategy to create hollow multishelled structures. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1802874.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]

Zhao, J. L.; Wang, J. Y.; Bi, R. Y.; Yang, M.; Wan, J. W.; Jiang, H. Y.; Gu, L.; Wang, D. General synthesis of multiple-cores@multiple-shells hollow composites and their application to lithium-ion batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 25719–25722.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

Wang, J. Y.; Wang, Z. M.; Mao, D.; Wang, D. The development of hollow multishelled structure: From the innovation of synthetic method to the discovery of new characteristics. Sci. China Chem. 2022, 65, 7–19.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

Li, B.; Bi, R. Y.; Yang, M.; Gao, W.; Wang, J. Y. Coating conductive polypyrrole layers on multiple shells of hierarchical SnO2 spheres and their enhanced cycling stability as lithium-ion battery anode. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2022, 586, 152836.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]

Li, B.; Wang, J. Y.; Bi, R. Y.; Yang, N. L.; Wan, J. W.; Jiang, H. Y.; Gu, L.; Du, J.; Cao, A. M.; Gao, W. et al. Accurately localizing multiple nanoparticles in a multishelled matrix through shell-to-core evolution for maximizing energy-storage capability. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2200206.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]

Zhou, T. H.; Lv, W.; Li, J.; Zhou, G. M.; Zhao, Y.; Fan, S. X.; Liu, B. L.; Li, B. H.; Kang, F. Y.; Yang, Q. H. Twinborn TiO2–TiN heterostructures enabling smooth trapping–diffusion–conversion of polysulfides towards ultralong life lithium-sulfur batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, 10, 1694–1703.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]

Cui, Z. M.; Zu, C. X.; Zhou, W. D.; Manthiram, A.; Goodenough, J. B. Mesoporous titanium nitride-enabled highly stable lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 6926–6931.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]

Qi, B.; Zhao, X. S.; Wang, S. G.; Chen, K.; Wei, Y. J.; Chen, G.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Z. H.; Li, F. Mesoporous TiN microspheres as an efficient polysulfide barrier for lithium-sulfur batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 14359–14366.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]

Deng, D. R.; An, T. H.; Li, Y. J.; Wu, Q. H.; Zheng, M. S.; Dong, Q. F. Hollow porous titanium nitride tubes as a cathode electrode for extremely stable Li-S batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 16184–16190.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]

Yao, Y.; Wang, H. Y.; Yang, H.; Zeng, S. F.; Xu, R.; Liu, F. F.; Shi, P. C.; Feng, Y. Z.; Wang, K.; Yang, W. J. et al. A dual-functional conductive framework embedded with TiN–VN heterostructures for highly efficient polysulfide and lithium regulation toward stable Li-S full batteries. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905658.
DOI Google Scholar
[47]

Wang, Y. K.; Zhang, R. F.; Pang, Y. C.; Chen, X.; Lang, J. X.; Xu, J. J.; Xiao, C. H.; Li, H. L.; Xi, K.; Ding, S. J. Carbon@titanium nitride dual shell nanospheres as multi-functional hosts for lithium sulfur batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 2019, 16, 228–235.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]

Mosavati, N.; Chitturi, V. R.; Salley, S. O.; Ng, K. Y. S. Nanostructured titanium nitride as a novel cathode for high performance lithium/dissolved polysulfide batteries. J. Power Sources 2016, 321, 87–93.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]

Li, Z.; Zhang, J. T.; Guan, B. Y.; Lou, X. W. Mesoporous carbon@titanium nitride hollow spheres as an efficient SeS2 host for advanced Li-SeS2 batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 16003–16007.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]

Yu, Y.; Yan, M.; Dong, W. D.; Wu, L.; Tian, Y. W.; Deng, Z.; Chen, L. H.; Hasan, T.; Li, Y.; Su, B. L. Optimizing inner voids in yolk–shell TiO2 nanostructure for high-performance and ultralong-life lithium-sulfur batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 417, 129241.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]

Zhang, C. F.; Wu, H. B.; Yuan, C. Z.; Guo, Z. P.; Lou, X. W. Confining sulfur in double-shelled hollow carbon spheres for lithium-sulfur batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 9592–9595.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]

Tan, X. N.; Wang, X. G.; Wang, X. Q.; Wang, Y. F.; Li, C.; Xia, D. G. NiCo2S4 yolk–shell hollow spheres with physical and chemical interaction toward polysulfides for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. Ionics 2019, 25, 4047–4056.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]

Zhu, Y. J.; Wang, J. Y.; Xie, C.; Yang, M.; Zheng, Z. J.; Yu, R. B. Hollow multishelled structural NiO as a “shelter” for high-performance Li-S batteries. Mater. Chem. Front. 2020, 4, 2971–2975.
DOI Google Scholar
[54]

Wei, Y. Z.; Cheng, Y. P.; Zhao, D. C.; Feng, Y.; Wei, P.; Wang, J. Y.; Ge, W.; Wang, D. A universal formation mechanism of hollow multi-shelled structures dominated by concentration waves. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202302621.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]

Qi, J.; Lai, X. Y.; Wang, J. Y.; Tang, H. J.; Ren, H.; Yang, Y.; Jin, Q.; Zhang, L. J.; Yu, R. B.; Ma, G. H. et al. Multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 6749–6773.
DOI Google Scholar
[56]

Li, Z. M.; Lai, X. Y.; Wang, H.; Mao, D.; Xing, C. J.; Wang, D. General synthesis of homogeneous hollow core–shell ferrite microspheres. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 2792–2797.
DOI Google Scholar
[57]

Lai, X. Y.; Li, J.; Korgel, B. A.; Dong, Z. H.; Li, Z. M.; Su, F. B.; Du, J.; Wang, D. General synthesis and gas-sensing properties of multiple-shell metal oxide hollow microspheres. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2738–2741.
DOI Google Scholar
[58]

Ren, H.; Yu, R. B.; Wang, J. Y.; Jin, Q.; Yang, M.; Mao, D.; Kisailus, D.; Zhao, H. J.; Wang, D. Multishelled TiO2 hollow microspheres as anodes with superior reversible capacity for lithium ion batteries. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6679–6684.
DOI Google Scholar
[59]

Sun, X. M.; Li, Y. D. Colloidal carbon spheres and their core/shell structures with noble-metal nanoparticles. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 597–601.
DOI Google Scholar
[60]

Liao, Y. Q.; Xiang, J. W.; Yuan, L. X.; Hao, Z. X.; Gu, J. F.; Chen, X.; Yuan, K.; Kalambate, P. K.; Huang, Y. H. Biomimetic root-like TiN/C@S nanofiber as a freestanding cathode with high sulfur loading for lithium-sulfur batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 37955–37962.
DOI Google Scholar
[61]

Huang, S. Z.; Lim, Y. V.; Zhang, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Kong, D. Z.; Ding, M.; Yang, S. A.; Yang, H. Y. Regulating the polysulfide redox conversion by iron phosphide nanocrystals for high-rate and ultrastable lithium-sulfur battery. Nano Energy 2018, 51, 340–348.
DOI Google Scholar
[62]

Fan, F. Y.; Carter, W. C.; Chiang, Y. M. Mechanism and kinetics of Li2S precipitation in lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 5203–5209.
DOI Google Scholar
[63]

Wild, M.; O'Neill, L.; Zhang, T.; Purkayastha, R.; Minton, G.; Marinescu, M.; Offer, G. J. Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 3477–3494.
DOI Google Scholar
[64]

Li, Z. J.; Zhou, Y. C.; Wang, Y.; Lu, Y. C. Solvent-mediated Li2S electrodeposition: A critical manipulator in lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1802207.
DOI Google Scholar
[65]

Bi, R. Y.; Xu, N.; Ren, H.; Yang, N. L.; Sun, Y. G.; Cao, A. M.; Yu, R. B.; Wang, D. A hollow multi-shelled structure for charge transport and active sites in lithium-ion capacitors. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 4865–4868.
DOI Google Scholar
[66]

Mahankali, K.; Thangavel, N. K.; Gopchenko, D.; Arava, L. M. R. Atomically engineered transition metal dichalcogenides for liquid polysulfide adsorption and their effective conversion in Li-S batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 27112–27121.
DOI Google Scholar
[67]

Zhu, W.; Paolella, A.; Kim, C. S.; Liu, D.; Feng, Z.; Gagnon, C.; Trottier, J.; Vijh, A.; Guerfi, A.; Mauger, A. et al. Investigation of the reaction mechanism of lithium sulfur batteries in different electrolyte systems by in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction. Sustainable Energy Fuels 2017, 1, 737–747.
DOI Google Scholar
File
12274_2023_6144_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (2 MB)
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 06 July 2023
Revised: 30 August 2023
Accepted: 30 August 2023
Published: 03 October 2023
Issue date: November 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This study received support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21820102002, 52301296, 51932001, 52372170, and 52261160573), the National Key R&D Program (Nos. 2018YFA0703503, 2021YFC2902503, and 2022YFA1504101), the Cooperation Fund of the Institute of Clean Energy Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. DNL202020), the Zhongke-Yuneng Joint R&D Center Program (No. ZKYN2022008), and Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) Project for Frontier Basic Research (No. QYJC-2022-008).

Return