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Nano Research 2023, 16(12): 13434-13449 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6060-9
Review Article | Issue | Published: 03 November 2023

Mechanics of 2D material bubbles

Show Author's Information Xuwei Cui1,2,  Luqi Liu1( ),  Wenlong Dong1,3,  Yekai Zhou1,3,  Zhong Zhang2( )
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Keywords:
two-dimensional (2D) materials, interface, strain engineering, mechanics, bubbles
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Cite this article:
Cui X, Liu L, Dong W, et al. Mechanics of 2D material bubbles. Nano Research, 2023, 16(12): 13434-13449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6060-9
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Abstract Full text About this article

A variety of out-of-plane deformation patterns have been observed for two-dimensional (2D) materials including ripples, wrinkles, buckles, scrolls, folds, tents, and bubbles due to their extra-low bending rigidity. Among them, the micro- and nanoscale bubbles arising from the deformation of the atomically thin membrane by gases, liquids, and solids trapped underneath 2D materials were frequently observed. On the one hand, the presence of bubbles may severely deteriorate the performance of 2D material devices because of the obstructed charge, photon, and phonon transport across the interface. On the other hand, these bubbles offer a novel avenue to explore the intrinsic mechanical parameters (e.g., Young’s modulus and bending rigidity) of 2D materials as well as their interfacial properties (e.g., shear stress and adhesion energy). Furthermore, these bubbles with stable and controllable morphology also act as effective knobs to tune the electronic and photonic performance of various 2D materials. This review highlights the recent progress on the 2D material bubbles, which will be helpful for measurement of the mechanical properties of ultrathin 2D materials and the applications of developing 2D material devices.


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About this article

Mechanics of 2D material bubbles

Show Author's information Xuwei Cui1,2, Luqi Liu1( ), Wenlong Dong1,3, Yekai Zhou1,3, Zhong Zhang2( )
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

A variety of out-of-plane deformation patterns have been observed for two-dimensional (2D) materials including ripples, wrinkles, buckles, scrolls, folds, tents, and bubbles due to their extra-low bending rigidity. Among them, the micro- and nanoscale bubbles arising from the deformation of the atomically thin membrane by gases, liquids, and solids trapped underneath 2D materials were frequently observed. On the one hand, the presence of bubbles may severely deteriorate the performance of 2D material devices because of the obstructed charge, photon, and phonon transport across the interface. On the other hand, these bubbles offer a novel avenue to explore the intrinsic mechanical parameters (e.g., Young’s modulus and bending rigidity) of 2D materials as well as their interfacial properties (e.g., shear stress and adhesion energy). Furthermore, these bubbles with stable and controllable morphology also act as effective knobs to tune the electronic and photonic performance of various 2D materials. This review highlights the recent progress on the 2D material bubbles, which will be helpful for measurement of the mechanical properties of ultrathin 2D materials and the applications of developing 2D material devices.

Keywords: two-dimensional (2D) materials, interface, strain engineering, mechanics, bubbles

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 25 June 2023
Revised: 23 July 2023
Accepted: 29 July 2023
Published: 03 November 2023
Issue date: December 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11832010, 11890682, 22072031, and 12202430) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB36000000).

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