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Nano Research 2024, 17(4): 2638-2645 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6056-5
Research Article | Issue | Published: 26 August 2023

High-safety and high-voltage lithium metal batteries enabled by nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte

Show Author's Information Han Zhang1,2,  Ziqi Zeng2( ),  Shuping Wang3,  Yuanke Wu1,2,  Changhao Li3,  Mengchuang Liu2,4,  Xinlan Wang1,2,  Shijie Cheng2,  Jia Xie2( )
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection (State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities), Hefei 230601, China
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Keywords:
thermal stability, lithium metal batteries, nonflammable electrolyte, phosphazene, high-voltage
Topics:
Lithium batteries
Cite this article:
Zhang H, Zeng Z, Wang S, et al. High-safety and high-voltage lithium metal batteries enabled by nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte. Nano Research, 2024, 17(4): 2638-2645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6056-5
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show great promise for achieving energy densities over 400 Wh·kg−1. However, highly flammable organic electrolytes are a long-lasting problem that triggers safety hazards and hinders the commercial application of LMBs. Here, a nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte (DHCE) with ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a diluent is developed to simultaneously achieve high safety and cycling stability of high-voltage LMBs. The optimal DHCE not only ensures reversible Li deposition/dissolution behavior with a superior average Coulombic efficiency (CE) over 99.1% on lithium metal anode (LMA), but also suppresses side reactions and stress crack on the LiCoO2 (LCO) under high cut-off voltage. The newly developed DHCE exhibits high thermal stability, showing complete nonflammability and reduced heat generation between the electrolyte and delithiated LCO/cycled LMA. This work offers an opportunity for rational designing nonflammable electrolytes toward high-voltage and safe LMBs.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

High-safety and high-voltage lithium metal batteries enabled by nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte

Show Author's information Han Zhang1,2, Ziqi Zeng2( ), Shuping Wang3, Yuanke Wu1,2, Changhao Li3, Mengchuang Liu2,4, Xinlan Wang1,2, Shijie Cheng2, Jia Xie2( )
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection (State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities), Hefei 230601, China
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show great promise for achieving energy densities over 400 Wh·kg−1. However, highly flammable organic electrolytes are a long-lasting problem that triggers safety hazards and hinders the commercial application of LMBs. Here, a nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte (DHCE) with ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a diluent is developed to simultaneously achieve high safety and cycling stability of high-voltage LMBs. The optimal DHCE not only ensures reversible Li deposition/dissolution behavior with a superior average Coulombic efficiency (CE) over 99.1% on lithium metal anode (LMA), but also suppresses side reactions and stress crack on the LiCoO2 (LCO) under high cut-off voltage. The newly developed DHCE exhibits high thermal stability, showing complete nonflammability and reduced heat generation between the electrolyte and delithiated LCO/cycled LMA. This work offers an opportunity for rational designing nonflammable electrolytes toward high-voltage and safe LMBs.

Keywords: thermal stability, lithium metal batteries, nonflammable electrolyte, phosphazene, high-voltage

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 31 May 2023
Revised: 19 July 2023
Accepted: 30 July 2023
Published: 26 August 2023
Issue date: April 2024

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. 4000-202320087A-1-1-ZN). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Analytical and Testing Center of HUST for allowing us to use its facilities. The authors thank Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the density analysis.

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