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Nano Research 2024, 17(3): 949-959 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5965-7
Perspective Review | Issue | Published: 14 August 2023

Stability of dimensionally stable anode for chlorine evolution reaction

Show Author's Information Ziliang Deng1,  Shuying Xu1,  Chuhao Liu2,  Xueqiang Zhang3,  Mufan Li2( ),  Zipeng Zhao1( )
Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
Keywords:
metal oxide, chlorine evolution reaction (CER), RuO2-TiO2, anode stability, dimensionally stable anode (DSA)
Topics:
ElectrocatalystsElectrolysis
Cite this article:
Deng Z, Xu S, Liu C, et al. Stability of dimensionally stable anode for chlorine evolution reaction. Nano Research, 2024, 17(3): 949-959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5965-7
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Abstract Full text About this article

Chlorine (Cl2) is one of the most important chemicals produced by the electrolysis of brine solutions and is a key raw material for many areas of industrial chemistry. For nearly half a century, dimensionally stable anode (DSA) made from a mixture of RuO2 and TiO2 solid oxides coated on Ti substrate has been the most widely used electrode for chlorine evolution reaction (CER). In harsh operating environments, the stability of DSAs remains a major challenge greatly affecting their lifetime. The deactivation of DSAs significantly increases the cost of the chlor-alkali industry due to the corrosion of Ru and the formation of the passivation layer TiO2. Therefore, it is urgent to develop catalysts with higher activity and stability, which requires a thorough understanding of the deactivation mechanism of DSA catalysts. This paper reviews existing references on the deactivation mechanisms of DSA catalysts, including both experimental and theoretical studies. Studies on how CER selectivity affects electrode stability are also discussed. Furthermore, studies on the effects of the preparation process, elemental composition, and surface/interface structures on the DSA stability and corresponding improvement strategies are summarized. The development of other non-DSA-type catalysts with comparable stability is also reviewed, and future opportunities in this exciting field are also outlined.


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About this article

Stability of dimensionally stable anode for chlorine evolution reaction

Show Author's information Ziliang Deng1, Shuying Xu1, Chuhao Liu2, Xueqiang Zhang3, Mufan Li2( ), Zipeng Zhao1( )
Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China

Abstract

Chlorine (Cl2) is one of the most important chemicals produced by the electrolysis of brine solutions and is a key raw material for many areas of industrial chemistry. For nearly half a century, dimensionally stable anode (DSA) made from a mixture of RuO2 and TiO2 solid oxides coated on Ti substrate has been the most widely used electrode for chlorine evolution reaction (CER). In harsh operating environments, the stability of DSAs remains a major challenge greatly affecting their lifetime. The deactivation of DSAs significantly increases the cost of the chlor-alkali industry due to the corrosion of Ru and the formation of the passivation layer TiO2. Therefore, it is urgent to develop catalysts with higher activity and stability, which requires a thorough understanding of the deactivation mechanism of DSA catalysts. This paper reviews existing references on the deactivation mechanisms of DSA catalysts, including both experimental and theoretical studies. Studies on how CER selectivity affects electrode stability are also discussed. Furthermore, studies on the effects of the preparation process, elemental composition, and surface/interface structures on the DSA stability and corresponding improvement strategies are summarized. The development of other non-DSA-type catalysts with comparable stability is also reviewed, and future opportunities in this exciting field are also outlined.

Keywords: metal oxide, chlorine evolution reaction (CER), RuO2-TiO2, anode stability, dimensionally stable anode (DSA)

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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 05 May 2023
Revised: 09 June 2023
Accepted: 28 June 2023
Published: 14 August 2023
Issue date: March 2024

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of the Experimental Center of Advanced Materials at the Beijing Institute of Technology. Financial support was provided by the startup fund from the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS).

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