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Nano Research 2023, 16(8): 11366-11374 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5817-5
Research Article | Issue | Published: 22 June 2023

Luminescence modulation of ultrasmall gold clusters by aromatic ligands

Show Author's Information Xue-Jing Zhai1,2,§,  Jia-Hua Hu1,§,  Jianxin Guan3,§,  Yubing Si1,  Xi-Yan Dong1,2( ),  Peng Luo2,  Fangfang Pan4,  Zhihao Yu3( ),  Runping Han1,  Shuang-Quan Zang1( )
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

§ Xue-Jing Zhai, Jia-Hua Hu, and Jianxin Guan contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
luminescence, metal nanoclusters, ligand modification
Topics:
Gold nanoclusters
Cite this article:
Zhai X-J, Hu J-H, Guan J, et al. Luminescence modulation of ultrasmall gold clusters by aromatic ligands. Nano Research, 2023, 16(8): 11366-11374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5817-5
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Luminescence is one of the most important properties for metal nanoclusters; however, clearly revealing its origin remains challenging. The different luminescence properties of the two prototypical 8e nanoclusters Au11 and Au13 remain elusive—Au11 is always nonluminescent, whereas Au13 is luminescent. In this work, by using a designed unique aromatic ligand (quinoline-2-thiol), we obtained new atomically precise phosphine-thiolate-protected neutral Au11-SH and cationic Au13-SH. In comparison with the classic phosphine-halide-protected Au11-Cl and Au13-Cl, the Cl-to-thiol alteration triggered room-temperature luminescence of the Au11 core and dramatically modulated that of the Au13 core. Ultrafast ultraviolet/infrared (UV/IR) spectroscopy, which is sensitive to organic aromatic groups, together with ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy unprecedently revealed a relaxation process from the ligand to core state affecting the dynamics in excited states and some critical intermediate states favouring efficient room-temperature emission of these nanoclusters. This work provides some new insights into the origin of photoluminescence of metal nanoclusters and opens an avenue to modulate the dynamics of their excited states using aromatic ligands, which would have direct applications in lighting, light harvesting, and photocatalysis.


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Abstract
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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Luminescence modulation of ultrasmall gold clusters by aromatic ligands

Show Author's information Xue-Jing Zhai1,2,§, Jia-Hua Hu1,§, Jianxin Guan3,§, Yubing Si1, Xi-Yan Dong1,2( ), Peng Luo2, Fangfang Pan4, Zhihao Yu3( ), Runping Han1, Shuang-Quan Zang1( )
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

§ Xue-Jing Zhai, Jia-Hua Hu, and Jianxin Guan contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Luminescence is one of the most important properties for metal nanoclusters; however, clearly revealing its origin remains challenging. The different luminescence properties of the two prototypical 8e nanoclusters Au11 and Au13 remain elusive—Au11 is always nonluminescent, whereas Au13 is luminescent. In this work, by using a designed unique aromatic ligand (quinoline-2-thiol), we obtained new atomically precise phosphine-thiolate-protected neutral Au11-SH and cationic Au13-SH. In comparison with the classic phosphine-halide-protected Au11-Cl and Au13-Cl, the Cl-to-thiol alteration triggered room-temperature luminescence of the Au11 core and dramatically modulated that of the Au13 core. Ultrafast ultraviolet/infrared (UV/IR) spectroscopy, which is sensitive to organic aromatic groups, together with ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy unprecedently revealed a relaxation process from the ligand to core state affecting the dynamics in excited states and some critical intermediate states favouring efficient room-temperature emission of these nanoclusters. This work provides some new insights into the origin of photoluminescence of metal nanoclusters and opens an avenue to modulate the dynamics of their excited states using aromatic ligands, which would have direct applications in lighting, light harvesting, and photocatalysis.

Keywords: luminescence, metal nanoclusters, ligand modification

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 28 March 2023
Revised: 04 May 2023
Accepted: 07 May 2023
Published: 22 June 2023
Issue date: August 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U21A20277, 92061201, 21825106, 21975065, 12174012, 22203006, and 22103072) and Zhengzhou University. The authors thank for the support of parallel high performance computing of National Supercomputing Center in Zhengzhou.

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