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Research Article

Lithium (fluorosulfonyl)(n-nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide for stabilizing cathode–electrolyte interface in sulfonamide electrolytes

Hao Wu, Ziyu Song, Wenfang Feng, Zhibin Zhou( ), Heng Zhang( )
Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Graphical Abstract

Lithium (fluorosulfonyl)(n-nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide (LiFNFSI) can effectively stabilize LiCoO2 cathode in fluorinated sulfonamide solvents, owing to the formation of insoluble LiF and organic fluorinated compounds on the surface of LiCoO2 cathode through the preferential decompositions of the FNFSI− anion.

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium metal batteries (RLMBs) have been regarded as promising successors for contemporary lithium-ion batteries, in view of their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. Conventional non-aqueous liquid electrolytes containing organic carbonate solvents possess high chemical reactivities with metallic lithium anode and high flammability, which induces considerable safety threats under extreme conditions (e.g., overcharging and thermal runaway). Herein, we propose the utilization of fluorinated sulfonamide (i.e., N,N-dimethyl fluorosulfonamide (DMFSA)) as solvent, together with lithium (fluorosulfonyl)(n-nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide (LiFNFSI) as co-salt and/or electrolyte additive for accessing safer and high-performing RLMBs. Comprehensive physical (e.g., thermal transition, viscosity, and ionic conductivity) and electrochemical (e.g., anodic stability on different electrodes) characterizations have been performed, aiming to reveal the inherent characteristics of the sulfonamide-based electrolytes and the particular role of LiFNFSI on the stabilization of LiCoO2 cathode. It has been demonstrated that the sulfonamide-based electrolytes exhibit superior flame-retardant abilities and decent ionic conductivities (> 1 mS·cm−1 at room temperature). The incorporation of LiFNFSI as co-salt and/or electrolyte additive could significantly suppress the side reactions occurring at the cathode compartment, through the preferential decompositions of the FNFSI− anion. This work is anticipated to give an in-depth understanding on the working mechanism of LiFNFSI in the sulfonamide-based electrolytes, and also spurs the development of high-energy and safer RLMBs.

Keywords

lithium metal batterieslithium (fluorosulfonyl)(n-nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imidesulfonamidenon-flammable electrolytecathode stabilization

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 7,
July 2023
Pages 9507-9518
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5726-7
Cite this article:
Wu H, Song Z, Feng W, et al. Lithium (fluorosulfonyl)(n-nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide for stabilizing cathode–electrolyte interface in sulfonamide electrolytes. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 9507-9518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5726-7
Topics:
Lithium batteries

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Received: 21 February 2023
Revised: 06 April 2023
Accepted: 10 April 2023
Published: 11 May 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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