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Nano Research 2023, 16(7): 9954-9967 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5630-1
Review Article | Issue | Published: 29 April 2023

Application of high energy X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement in layered lithium transition metal oxide cathode materials

Show Author's Information Zhuo Yang,  Yong Lu,  Xiaomeng Liu,  Fujun Li,  Jun Chen( )
Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Keywords:
Rietveld refinement, lithium-ion batteries, transition metal oxide, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, layered cathode materials
Topics:
X-ray diffraction
Cite this article:
Yang Z, Lu Y, Liu X, et al. Application of high energy X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement in layered lithium transition metal oxide cathode materials. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 9954-9967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5630-1
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Abstract Full text About this article

Layered lithium transition metal oxide (LTMO) cathode materials have attracted much attention for lithium-ion batteries and are shining in the current market. Establishing a clear structure–performance relationship is necessary for the performance improvement of LTMO cathode materials. The combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) with high intensity and XRD Rietveld refinement is powerful for revealing the structural characteristics of LTMO cathode materials. This review summarizes the application of high energy XRD and Rietveld refinement in LTMO cathode materials, including the brief introduction of synchrotron XRD and Rietveld refinement and their applications in understanding the structural evolution related to the synthetic, thermal runaway, cycling, and high-rate charge/discharge process of LTMO cathode materials. Synchrotron XRD can provide insights into the intermediates and reaction paths in the synthesis process, the origin of thermal runaway, the mechanism of structural decay during cycles, and the structural evolution during high-rate charging/discharging. Future works should focus on the development of higher intensity X-rays to gain more in-depth insights into the intrinsic relationship between their structural characteristics and properties.


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About this article

Application of high energy X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement in layered lithium transition metal oxide cathode materials

Show Author's information Zhuo Yang, Yong Lu, Xiaomeng Liu, Fujun Li, Jun Chen( )
Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Abstract

Layered lithium transition metal oxide (LTMO) cathode materials have attracted much attention for lithium-ion batteries and are shining in the current market. Establishing a clear structure–performance relationship is necessary for the performance improvement of LTMO cathode materials. The combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) with high intensity and XRD Rietveld refinement is powerful for revealing the structural characteristics of LTMO cathode materials. This review summarizes the application of high energy XRD and Rietveld refinement in LTMO cathode materials, including the brief introduction of synchrotron XRD and Rietveld refinement and their applications in understanding the structural evolution related to the synthetic, thermal runaway, cycling, and high-rate charge/discharge process of LTMO cathode materials. Synchrotron XRD can provide insights into the intermediates and reaction paths in the synthesis process, the origin of thermal runaway, the mechanism of structural decay during cycles, and the structural evolution during high-rate charging/discharging. Future works should focus on the development of higher intensity X-rays to gain more in-depth insights into the intrinsic relationship between their structural characteristics and properties.

Keywords: Rietveld refinement, lithium-ion batteries, transition metal oxide, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, layered cathode materials

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Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 06 January 2023
Revised: 27 February 2023
Accepted: 28 February 2023
Published: 29 April 2023
Issue date: July 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22121005, 22020102002, and 21835004) and the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter of Nankai University (No. 63181206).

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