Photothermal regulated ion transport in nanofluidics: From fundamental principles to practical applications

Light regulated ion transport across membranes is central to nature. Based on this, artificial nanofluidics with light driven ion transport behaviors has been developed for both fundamental study and practical applications. Here, we focus on recent progress in photothermal controlled ion transport systems and review the corresponding construction strategies in diverse photothermal nanofluidics with various dimensions and structures. We systematically emphasize the three underlying working principles including temperature gradient, water evaporation induced ion transport blockage, and evaporation gradient. On the basis of these fundamental research, photothermal regulated ion transport has been mainly introduced into ionic devices, desalination, and energy conversion. Furthermore, we provide some perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of this promising research field. We believe that this review could encourage further understanding and open the minds to develop new advances in this fertile research field.