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Nano Research 2023, 16(10): 12134-12143 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5528-y
Research Article | Issue | Published: 02 March 2023

Aptamer-induced in-situ growth of acetylcholinesterase-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus inhibitors

Show Author's Information Limin Yang1( ),  Linjiao Qu1,§,  Xiaolong Zhang1,§,  Mingming Li1,  Zhen Liu2( )
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China

§ Linjiao Qu and Xiaolong Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
aptamer, electrochemical biosensor, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, in-situ fabrication
Topics:
Nano unitNano detectionFabricationMorphology
Cite this article:
Yang L, Qu L, Zhang X, et al. Aptamer-induced in-situ growth of acetylcholinesterase-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus inhibitors. Nano Research, 2023, 16(10): 12134-12143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5528-y
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) have shown excellent sensing capabilities due to their large specific surface area as well as the simplicity and mildness of the preparation process. However, coupling HNFs to electrodes to fabricate a uniform and controllable enzymatic electrochemical sensing interface remains a challenge. Here, we proposed an aptamer-induced in-situ fabrication strategy for preparing an HNF-based electrochemical sensor with ideal performance. Central to this strategy is the introduction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-specific binding aptamer (Apt), which induces the in-situ growth of AChE-copper phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) HNFs on the surface of carbon paper (CP). In addition, a dense gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layer was electrodeposited on the CP for anchoring Apt and further extending the electroactive surface area. The prepared AChE-Cu3(PO4)2 HNF/Apt/AuNP/CP biosensor exhibited a wide detection range from 1 to 107 pM for the four organophosphorus inhibitors, including isocarbophos, dichlorvos, methamidophos, and parathion, with detection limits down to 0.016, 0.028, 0.071, and 0.113 pM, respectively. With the reactivation of pralidoxime chloride, the electrode can still recover 98.1% of the response after five times of repeated use. In real sample detection, the biosensor achieved high recoveries from 96.45% to 100.13%. The detection target may be extendable to other AChE inhibitors (e.g., drugs for Alzheimer’s disease). This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using aptamers as an inducer to fabricate an electrochemical enzyme sensing interface in-situ. This strategy can be used to fabricate other enzyme-based biosensors and therefore has broader applications.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Aptamer-induced in-situ growth of acetylcholinesterase-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus inhibitors

Show Author's information Limin Yang1( ), Linjiao Qu1,§, Xiaolong Zhang1,§, Mingming Li1, Zhen Liu2( )
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China

§ Linjiao Qu and Xiaolong Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) have shown excellent sensing capabilities due to their large specific surface area as well as the simplicity and mildness of the preparation process. However, coupling HNFs to electrodes to fabricate a uniform and controllable enzymatic electrochemical sensing interface remains a challenge. Here, we proposed an aptamer-induced in-situ fabrication strategy for preparing an HNF-based electrochemical sensor with ideal performance. Central to this strategy is the introduction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-specific binding aptamer (Apt), which induces the in-situ growth of AChE-copper phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) HNFs on the surface of carbon paper (CP). In addition, a dense gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layer was electrodeposited on the CP for anchoring Apt and further extending the electroactive surface area. The prepared AChE-Cu3(PO4)2 HNF/Apt/AuNP/CP biosensor exhibited a wide detection range from 1 to 107 pM for the four organophosphorus inhibitors, including isocarbophos, dichlorvos, methamidophos, and parathion, with detection limits down to 0.016, 0.028, 0.071, and 0.113 pM, respectively. With the reactivation of pralidoxime chloride, the electrode can still recover 98.1% of the response after five times of repeated use. In real sample detection, the biosensor achieved high recoveries from 96.45% to 100.13%. The detection target may be extendable to other AChE inhibitors (e.g., drugs for Alzheimer’s disease). This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using aptamers as an inducer to fabricate an electrochemical enzyme sensing interface in-situ. This strategy can be used to fabricate other enzyme-based biosensors and therefore has broader applications.

Keywords: aptamer, electrochemical biosensor, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, in-situ fabrication

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 15 November 2022
Revised: 20 January 2023
Accepted: 25 January 2023
Published: 02 March 2023
Issue date: October 2023

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2023

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31871878).

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